1895.] L. de Niceville & Dr. L. Martin— Butterflies of Sumatra. 415 
It is very strong on the wing, and flies over high hushes and trees, and 
alights on the uppersides of the leaves with open wide-spread wings. 
When flying it keeps the wings very level and parallel with the ground, 
the tips or apices of the forewings slightly depressed, it flaps the 
wings but seldom, and is much given to soaring. The Sumatran form 
is the one which has been named P. lilacinus by Butler, and has a patch 
on the internal area of the forewing and the basal area of the hindwing 
on the upperside marked with lilac. In our area it occurs all the year 
round at low elevations, not as high as Namoe Oekor, is not rare, but is 
not easy to capture. Is found not only in high forest, but also in small 
strips of forest and jungle always accompanying the smaller streams. 
Is very fond of and is only found near water. In a boat journey up 
the Bedagei River, both banks of which were covered with the flowers 
of a snow-white lily, Dr. Martin noticed P. gambrisius settling in 
considerable numbers on the flowers ; a beautiful sight for a lover of 
nature. At the Batoe Mandi Estate on the high bank of the Wampoe 
River are planted a few male papaya trees (which of course bear only 
flowers and no fruit), and on these flowers the Javan collector Saki 
captured a very fine series of specimens. 
186. Lebadea martha, Fabricius. 
Limenitis martha, Butler, Cat. Fab. Lep. B. M., p. 59, n. 1, pi. i, fig. 4, 
male (1869). 
Lebadea alankara, Horsfield ( martha, Fabricius ?), var. sumatrensis, Staudinger, 
Ex. Schmett., p. 142 (1886). 
Hagen. Butler as alankara and martha. Kirby. Distant. Stau- 
dinger as alankara , var. sumatrensis , and martha , var. sumatrensis. 
Fabricius described this species from Siam; Butler says the type is 
in the Banksian collection at the British Museum, he figures the species, 
and records it from Sumatra. Not having any Siamese specimens of 
Lebadea to compare with Sumatran ones, I accept Butler’s identification ; 
but should the Siamese and Sumatran species be found afterwards 
to differ, Staudinger’s name sumatrensis must stand. The genus is a 
small one, and contains L. ismene, Doubleday and Hewitson, from Sik- 
him, Bhutan, Assam, and Upper Burma, which gradually merges into 
L. attenuata , Moore, from Lower Burma, which again meets L. martha , 
Fabricius = L. alankara, Horsfield, in the Malay Peninsula, found also 
in Sumatra, Java and Banca; another species being L. jpaduka (nec 
L. panduka, Staudinger), Moore, from Borneo. Butler in Trans. Linn. 
Soc. Lond., Zoology, second series, vol. i, p. 565 (1877) gives both 
L. alankara and L. martha from Sumatra, it is hardly probable that two 
distinct species occur in one island, and, as will be seen above, I consider 
those two names to represent one species. In. our area it occurs from 
