1895.] L. de Niceville & Dr. L. Martin— Butterflies of Sumatra, 429 
to the Central Plateau. They like low and small forest, or open places 
in large forest, and settle on roads and also on the leaves of shrubs and 
low-growing plants with open wings. Dr. Martin has bred S. hippoclus 
on the Rameh plant (Urticaceze ); the laiwae live socially, five or six 
together, in a single leaf with its edges joined by silk strands so as to 
make a shelter. The pupae are somewhat similar to those of Vanessa 
urticse, Linnaeus, the “ Small Tortoishell Butterfly ” of Europe, and like 
the species of Vanessa and Pyrameis the newly-emerged butterfly emits a 
pigmented fluid of a red colour. The larvae are common in Novem¬ 
ber and December, the butterflies are very plentiful during the first 
months of the year, but all the remaining months of the year they 
are only seen sporadically and rarely. It appears possible that 
S. hippoclus is single-brooded, and that some surviving examples live 
throughout the year and propagate the species the next season. The 
second (white) form of female which occurs in Java is not found in 
Sumatra. All the species of Symhrenthia are on the upperside of the 
wings very similar to the small yellow species of Neptis , which they 
may perhaps mimic when at rest, but their flight is totally different, 
being excessively rapid, so that it is almost impossible to follow them 
with the eye. 
240. Rhinopalpa poltntce, Cramer. 
Hagen. Semper as polinice [sic]. Kirby. Staudinger. This 
species was described and figured by Cramer from a male from the west 
coast of Sumatra. R. fulva, Felder, described from Malacca, is an 
absolute synonym, specimens from Assam, Burma, and the Malay Pen¬ 
insula being indistinguishable from Sumatran ones. The Javan species, 
R. elpinice, Felder, is quite distinct. R. poly nice is found only in large 
forest, and occurs all over our area except in the higher mountains and 
on the Central Plateau. The males are fond of fa3ces on forest roads; 
the females are very rare and seldom seen in collections. Perhaps they 
escape capture by their coloration being very different from that of the 
males, as on the wing the female closely resembles a common Cirrhochroa . 
241. Cyrestis nivalis, Felder. 
C. nivea , Zinken-Sommer, var. interrupter Snellen, Tijd. voor Enfc., vol. xxxiii, 
p. 217 (1890). 
Grose Smith as nivea . Snellen as recar anus, Westwood ( = nivea , 
Zinken-Sommer, teste Snellen), and as nivea , var. interrupta. Hagen 
as nivea. Staudinger as nivea var. nivalis, and nivalis. G. nivalis is a 
good species, and is found commonly in Burma, the Malay Peninsula, 
Sumatra and Borneo, and differs from G. nivea , Zinken-Somrner, from 
