1895.] L. de Niceville & Dr. L. Martin— Butterflies of Sumatra. 479 
476. Ticherra acte, Moore. 
Common from Namoe Oekor to the Central Plateau throughout the 
year. 
477. Cheritra freja, Fabricius. 
Hagen as freya [sic]. Grose Smith. Still commoner than the 
foregoing species, and occurs in forest only over the whole of our area. 
478. Ritra aurea, Druce. 
B. aurea, de Niceville, Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. x, p. , n. 30, pi. T, 
fig. 45, female (1896). 
Found in large forest near Selesseh, Namoe Oekor, and from Ban¬ 
dar Kwala in Serdang in March, April, May and June. The female 
is much rarer, and lacks on the upperside the splendid orange gloss on 
both wings. The silky “ male-mark ” of this species closely resembles 
that organ in Biduanda cinesioides , de Niceville, No. 486 below. 
479. Horaga halba, Distant. 
Originally described from Penang. It occurs from Selesseh to 
Bekantscban, and in the months of March, July and October. Very 
rare, as Dr. Martin has not obtained more than four specimens in thir¬ 
teen years. 
480. Catapcecilma elegans, Druce. 
Grose Smith. Hagen. Common throughout the year over the 
whole of our area with the exception of the higher elevations, and found 
not only in forests, but also near roads, and settled on small bushes. 
Dr. Martin has never seen this butterfly on the wing in the morning, it 
appears very late in the day, at one or two o’clock p. m. The males are 
very fond of fighting, but return always with great exactitude to the 
leaf from which they started to do battle with the foe, which is usually 
another male of the same species. 
481. Semanga superba, Druce. 
Habitat: Borneo ( Druce ); Malacca, Malay Peninsula ( Distant ); 
N.-E. Sumatra. 
Expanse: cf, IT inches. 
Description : Male. Upperside, both wings differ from those of 
the female only in having the purple area considerably larger, more 
shining and richer in shade. Forewing with the apex more acute and 
the outer margin more convex than in the female. Hindwing lacks the 
