490 L. de Niceville & Dr. L. Martin— Butterflies of Sumatra. [No. 3, 
and I have obtained a single example each of this sex. The male is 
somewhat variable, in some specimens more than half the discoidal cell 
on the underside of the hind wing is black, with a very small basal 
vermilion patch, while in others there is no black coloration in the cell 
at all, and the vermilion patch is very large. Intermediate examples 
occur between these two extremes. Both sexes are quite distinct from 
the Javan P. autothisbe, Hiibuer. The males are very common, quite as 
common as are Hiposcritia pandione, Hiibner, and H. cardena, Hewitson, 
all through the year at Soengei Batoe and on the Central Plateau, 
where in every month hundreds of males are brought in by the collectors. 
Both sexes mimic Delias glauce, Butler. Dr. Martin thus describes his 
female example, which was taken in March, 1893 :—“ Mimics the same 
sex of D. glauce , Butler. The outline of the forewing is quite rounded 
like that of a Delias, and the costa of course is not serrated. The base 
of the costa of the forewing on the upperside has two minute sulphur- 
yellow streaks which in the male are black. The upperside of the 
forewing has a more bluish and the hindwing a more reddish and 
transparent colour than in the male. The white spots at the apex and 
on the outer margin of the forewing both above and below are very 
much reduced, the inner series entirely wanting except the anteriormosfc 
spot, the outer series consisting of five spots, in the male there are six, 
which are indistinct, obsolete, and whitish. The underside of both 
wings is duller than in the male.” 
533. Catopsilia crocale, Cramer. 
Hagen as crocale (1775), catilla (1779), and pomona (1775). 
Wallace as alcmeone, Cramer (1777). Grose Smith. Butler. Distant. * 
This is the largest and commonest species of Catopsilia occurring 
in Sumatra. Most authors retain C. catilla, Cramer, as a species 
distinct from C. crocale. I have bred both species from found 
larvae (not from the egg laid by a known female in confinement, 
which is practically the only conclusive test of the distinctness of 
species), and have failed to discover any differences in the larva and 
pupa of the two supposed distinct species. My opinion is that C, crocale 
is extremely variable, and that the variations noted are not due to 
seasonal causes. Dr. Martin does not agree with me that we have here 
to deal with one protean species, but maintains that there are really 
two quite distinct species. At his request I give below his reasons for 
this conclusion. I may add that I have carefully examined a very large 
mass of material in the collection of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, and 
my own, and find that the distinctive characters on which Dr. Martin 
relies to separate them are all quite inconstant and entirely break 
