502 L. de Niceville & Dr. L. Martin— Butterflies of Sumatra. [No. 3, 
the forest hunting for flowers for herself, or for the food-plant of her larva. 
Dr. Martin has often seen them on the same flower that is frequented 
by the female of Udaiana cynis , Hewitson. He has bred the butterfly 
from the larva found feeding on a small shrub called by the Battaks 
“ Daoen Tangla,” which grows on the banks of rivers. The larva 
superficially does not greatly differ from the larvae of the Catopsilias, but 
in shape is more slender. The pupa, however, is quite different, with 
a stellar indented thorax. The imago emerges in seven days. Only 
bred females have the beautiful olive-green colouring; almost as soon as 
they fly, this colour is bleached out. C. hippo occurs all over our 
area, and is one of our most common butterflies. 
555. Catophaga lets, Hiibner. 
Hagen as amasene and leis. Distant. Wallace as alope. Grose 
Smith as alope. I follow Mr. Distant in his identification of this 
species, not having Hiibner’s Zutraege Ex. Schmett. to consult; also in 
considering G. alope, Wallace, from India, Sumatra, Java, and Borneo, 
to be a synonym. G. amasene , Cramer, described from China, is super¬ 
ficially like the male of G. leis, and probably Dr. Hagen identified this 
species under that name. Semper identifies G. leis as “ Appias” agave, 
Pelder, from the Philippines. In Sumatra G. leis is restricted to the 
plains, and is only found in forest throughout the year. The female 
is very rare; the male comes to damp spots on forest roads as does 
Catopsilia crocale, Cramer, aud many other Bierinse . Common near 
Paya Bakong, the small forest reserve mentioned in the Introduction 
(page 359). Distant has well figured the male and two forms of the 
female from the Malay Peninsula. 
556. Catophaga paulina, Cramer. 
Grose Smith as albina and paulina. Hagen as paulina and albina. 
Semper identifies this species from the Philippines as “ Appias ” albina , 
Boisduval. The male of C. paulina from Sumatra exhibits the same 
variations as it does in India, some specimens on the upperside of the 
forewing having a marginal black thread only, others have the apex 
widely, the outer margin decreasingly to the outer angle, powdered with 
black scales, while there is found every gradation between these two 
extremes. There are three distinct forms of female, the first and 
second are white on the upperside of both wings, the third is dark 
primrose-yellow-coloured; on the underside of both wings the first is 
of “ A glossy tint of pearly-white ” as Wallace well expresses it, the 
second has the apex of the forewing and the entire hindwing rich 
ochreous, the third has these areas of a different shade, ochreous 
