508 L. de Niceville & Dr. L. Martin — Butterflies of Sumatra. [No. 3, 
year in the plains of Sumatra, but does not occur probably much higher 
than Namoe Oekor. It flies quite close to the sea, as Dr. Hagen took it 
plentifully in his garden near Laboean. There are two forms of female ; 
I, with somewhat light, whitish forewing and very black hindwing, 
which is the rarer ; II, with entirely black forewing, but with only small 
black spots on the hindwing, which is the commoner. Every gradation 
between these two extreme forms exists in Sumatra as elsewhere. 
Rothschild records the typical form from S.-E. Sumatra; also (ft 2 ), ab. 
pluto , Felder, from S.-W. Sumatra; and (d), T . helena cerberus , Felder, 
from Sumatra. 
570. Troides ( Pompeoptera) amphrysus, Cramer. 
Grose Smith. Hagen as amphrysus, var. rubricollis [sic] ; and 
amplirysus , var. ruficollis. This species was originally described from a 
male from Batavia in Java. T. ruficollis , Butler, was described from 
Malacca in the Malay Peninsula. I can find no constant character by 
which to separate these two species, and Mr. Butler in his original de: - 
cription of the latter does not say how they are supposed to differ. Heer 
P. C. T. Snellen says also that the two species are identical. It occurs 
in Sumatra throughout the year in the plains and on the outer ranges 
of the hills, but not higher than Bekantschan, and is commoner than 
T. helena , Linnaeus. Dr. Martin has twice bred it, the larva feeding on 
a creeper with large trilobate leaves. The egg is spherical and yellow, 
and in three or four days the caterpillars emerge. When full grown 
the larva is of a coffee-brown colour, and has on each segment four, 
five, or seven fleshy processes, those on the first four segments (omitting 
the head) are apically thickened and rounded and are bent backwards, 
on the other segments they are directed forwards. The larvae devour 
not only the leaves, but also the bark and soft shoots of their food- 
plant if there are no more leaves to eat, and make a very audible noise 
while eating, just as the larvae of large Suturnias do. They are very 
delicate, and especially so w T hen they have fixed themselves for their 
transformation to the pupa state, when on no account should they be 
touched. The pupa is yellow, is dorsally notched, and is suspended by a 
black median silken girth. If the pupa is touched, disturbed in any 
way, or even blown upon, it makes quite a loud noise by moving the 
abdominal segments one over the other, which noise is so loud that it 
is probably sufficient to scare away some of its enemies. After from 26 
to 29 days the imago emerges, which is the longest pupal rest known to 
us for purely tropical butterflies—at least as regards all such species as 
we have bred. Even the large Papilios such as P. memnon, Linnaeus, 
do not remain more than 15 or 16 daysfin the pupal stage. Rothschild 
