1895.] L. 'de Niceville & Dr. L. Martin —Butterflies of Sumatra. 513 
it flies throughout the year on the Central Plateaus of Tobah and Karo 
only rarely, the male even rarer than the female. Dr. Hagen has seen 
it on the wing, and describes the flight as “ mewmon-likeit fre¬ 
quents the flowers of Pavetta. This butterfly as well as P. sycorax, 
Grose Smith, by reason of their curious white wigs proved very attrac¬ 
tive to the Malay collectors, so they awarded them the name “ Kapala 
Putih,” which means “ White Head.” It may however have been 
due to the fact that they received an extra douceur for every Kapala 
Putih they caught that they took such interest iu these two particular 
species. 
579. Papilio ( Pangerana ) erebus, Wallace. 
P. erebus, Hagen, Iris, vol. vii, p. 26, n. 25, pi. i, fig. 2, larva (1894). 
Hagen as noctis and erebus. The P. noctis of Hewitson appears to 
be a distinct species confined to Borneo. P. erebus occurs in Sumatra 
throughout the year, as we have specimens caught in every month. 
It is absolutely restricted to the forest, and even there does not g*o to 
roads or rivers, but flies slowly through the thickest undergrowth, 
where it avoids the net very cleverly by its highly irregular and erratic 
flight, and by dodging amongst the bushes, consequently really perfect 
specimens are hardly ever obtained. The males are much rarer than 
the females, but may sometimes be caught on the borders of the forest 
on the sweet smelling Veronica -like blue flower of a small tree. The 
larva has been figured by Dr. Hagen, is brown with black markings, 
the sixth and seventh segments with a white saddle-like band, and the 
whole body is furnished with long fleshy tentacles very similar to those in 
Troides. It feeds on a Piperacea called “ Dahoen Peandang” by the 
Malays. Dr. Martin saw three larvae in Dr. Dohrn’s possession in 
February, 1895. The pupa, according to Dr. Hagen, is exactly like that 
of the Javan P. nox , Swainson. 
580. Papilio (Araminta) demolion, Cramer. 
Grose Smith as demoleon [sic]. Snellen as demotion , Linnaeus 
[sic]. Hagen. Wallace. Staudinger. Distant. Flies from March 
to July in the forests of the outer hills, from Selesseh to south of 
Bekantschan ; is rather rare in our area ; the males have a very quick 
and restless flight and frequent flowers, on which they do not settle, 
but abstract the honey while hovering. The larva feeds on Citrus, and 
is very similar to that of P. polytes , Linnrous, but is of a darker 
green colour. In Java it is very plentiful near Semarang. 
