524 L. de Niceville & Dr. L. Martin —Butterflies of Sumatra . [No. 3, 
local race of P. payeni , Boisduval, from which it differs chiefly in being 
larger. P. payeni was originally described from Java. Rare at high 
elevations, not below 2,000 feet in the Battak and Gayoe mountains in 
March and September. Only five specimens obtained in thirteen years. 
Rothschild records it from Sumatra and Borneo as (6), P. payeni Brunei, 
Fruhstorfer, Ent. Nach., vol. xx, p. 300 (1894), originally described from 
Brunei, North Borneo. 
598. Papilio ( Pathysa ) antiphates, Cramer. 
P. itam-puti, Butler, Nat. Wand, in East. Arch., p. 276 (1885). 
Snellen. Hagen as antiphates ; and antiphates, var. pompilius. 
Wallace as antiphates , local form a, Podalirius pompilius , Svvainson. 
Distant as antiphates , var. pompilius. This is a very variable species 
wherever it occurs, and as the variations found do not appear to be res¬ 
tricted to geographical areas, it does not seem possible to break up the 
parent species described from China into local races. It is common over 
the whole of our area, in and near forest, and throughout the year, but 
most abundant in March. The males come in crowds to wet spots on 
roads, and settle among a number of Pierinse , where they evidently 
feel protected as they also have white wings; when on the wing they 
look like a “ White,” as their long tails when flying rapidly can hardly 
be seen. The females are only caught in the forest as they do not come 
to roads. Heer M. C. Piepers has bred it in Java, and has figured the 
larva in Tijd. voor Ent., vol. xxxi, p. 349, pi. viii, fig. 4 (1888). Roths¬ 
child records the typical race of P. antiphates from Eastern China; the 
Sumatran form as a subspecies, (5), P. antiphates alcibiades, Fabricius ; 
with an aberration which “ Seems to be the usual form in Sumatra, but 
occurs also in other localities,” as (c 2 ), ab. itamputi , Butler. 
599. Papilio ( Pathysa ) insularis, Staudinger. 
P. agetes, Westwood, var. insularis, Staudinger, Iris, vol. vii, p. 349 (1895). 
Hagen as agetes. Staudinger as agetes , var. insularis. This species 
was described from Sumatra interior, and the Kina Balu mountain in 
Borneo. I allow it specific rank with some misgivings. The Hima¬ 
layan, Assamese, and Burmese forms (true P. agetes) have the second 
band from the base of the forewing ending at the submedian nervure, 
in the Malayan Peninsula form it ends in the middle of the submedian 
interspace ( vide Distant’s figure in Rhop. Malay., pi. xlii, fig. 8), in 
Sumatran specimens the band is the shortest of all, and ends on the 
median nervure. All the markings in the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra 
specimens are darker than in the typical Indian form. But all three 
forms evidently grade almost imperceptibly the one into the other. 
