526 L. de Niceville & Dr. L. Martin — Butterflies of Sumatra. [No. 3, 
[P. jason and P. evemon\ are absolutely identical, except that the 
red spot at the base of the hindwing on the underside, in P. jason , 
Esper, is constantly absent in P. evemon , Boisduval.” Rothschild gives 
P. evemon full specific rank. 
605. Papilio ( Zetides ) bathycles, Zinken-Sommer. 
Grose Smith. Hagen. Rothschild records the typical form from 
Java, and “Most probably also in South-West Sumatra,” and the 
ordinary Sumatran form as (5), P. batliycles bathycloides, Honrath. 
These four last mentioned species are all inhabitants of the plains, 
where they occur throughout the year in and near forest, the males 
often settled in dozens on wet spots on roads. They are all quick and 
strong on the wing, but not quite as fast-flying as P. sarpedon , Linnaeus. 
If chased away from their favourite spots they behave very like species 
of Catopsilia , and hurry up and down the forest roads in Indian file. 
P. mecisteus , Distant, and P. bathycles are somewhat the rarer, the 
latter is also found at higher elevations than the others, to the south of 
Bekantschan. 
606. Papilio ( Dalchina ) sarpedon, Linnaeus. 
Snellen. Hagen. Grose Smith. Wallace. Distant. Common 
all over our area, from the plains to a high elevation throughout the 
year on forest roads. The males sit often six or eight together on a 
wet spot on the road. It has a very strong, quick, and jerking flight. 
I have figured and described a highly melanic aberration of this species 
from Sumatra in Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc., vol. viii, p. 54, n. J4, 
pi. L, fig. 11, male (1893). Heer M. C. Piepers has bred it in Java, and 
has figured the two final stages of the larva in Tijd. voor Ent., vol. 
xxxi, p. 346, pi. vii, figs. 8, 9 (1888). Rothschild records the typical 
form of the species from Sumatra. 
607. Papilto ( Dalchina ) cloanthus, Westwood. 
Snellen. Hagen as cloanthus, var. sumatrana, Hagen. Rothschild 
records it from Sumatra as (c), P. cloanthus sumatranus, Hagen. The 
Sumatran form is slightly more melanic than the typical form from 
North India and Assam, that is to say, the black areas in the forewing 
are somewhat larger, thereby reducing the bluish-green markings some¬ 
what. It is almost doubtful if Sumatran specimens could be correctly 
sorted out from Indian ones if the labels from both were removed and 
the specimens mixed up. The Western and Central Chinese form, 
P. cloanthus , var. clymenus, Leech, is a good local race, and can be dis¬ 
tinguished at a glance. In Sumatra P. cloanthus is found on the Central 
