538 L. cle Niceville & Dr. L. Martin —Butterflies of Sumatra. [No. 3, 
Malacca, Java, and Borneo. In Sumatra a unique example was taken 
in the Battak mountains in August, 1894. 
672. Zea mytheca, Hewitson. 
Originally described from Malacca. Dr. Martin obtained a single 
male example in the Battak mountains of N.-E. Sumatra in March, 
1894. 
673. Erionota thrax, Linnaeus. 
Snellen. Hagen. Distant. Very common everywhere throughout 
the year in ever following generations wherever species of wild or 
cultivated Musa (“ Pisangs ” in Malay, or Plantains) grow, on the leaves 
of which the larva feeds. The larva is white, covered with a white waxy 
powder, and has a black heart-shaped head. It lives in a shelter 
made of a portion of a rolled-up leaf. To make this shelter, it has 
to cut into the edge of one of the enormous leaves to obtain a suitable 
segment to be rolled up. The pupa is whitish, covered with the same 
white powder as is the larva, and is hidden from view in its dining room. 
This powder is of the greatest service to the animal, as in consequence of 
the heavy showers of rain of the tropics much water often collects in 
the rolled-up leaf, and the pupa if not so protected would soon be 
drowned and rot, as it is the powder keeps the pupa dry until the water 
has drained away or dried up. The butterfly emerges from the pupa in 
the early hours of the afternoon at 2 or 3 p.m., and is on the wing before 
sunrise and after sunset, and comes to the lights in the verandahs of 
houses. Even at the earliest dawn, between 4 and 5 a.m., Dr. Martin 
has noticed them flying round the plantain groves near his house. 
_E. thrax often appears in large numbers, and then the caterpillars 
assist the south wind in giving the plantain leaves their usual torn 
and picturesque appearance ; but as the leaves are but little used except 
by the Madrasi Tamils, who utilize small perfect portions as plates 
when eating, the larvte cause no loss to anyone. 
674. Erionota attina, Hewitson. 
Semper. Originally described from a female from “ India” and 
Java. Its male is the Unkana batara of Distant. It is rare at low 
elevations throughout the year, at Bindjei and in the plains generally. 
675. Erionota sanguinocculus, Martin. 
E. sanguinocculus, Martin, Einige neue Tagsclimetterlinge von Nordost-Sumatra, 
(Munich), pt. 1, p. 5, n. 3 (1895). 
Described from a unique male example taken in the forest near 
Selesseh in May. In Dr. Hagen’s collection is a second male specimen. 
