164 
Alexander E. Caddy —AsoTca Inscriptions in India. [Nov. 
twenty-five centuries ago, and whicli have not been touched by the chisel 
for any purpose whatsoever, in vain I sought some stone-cut record of 
the past. Statues shattered and mutilated of the Buddha I found here, 
but nothing more. There were bricks all over the place ; a stucco ro¬ 
sette in one of the caves shows that it had been plastered and em¬ 
bellished. Here, too, is the great stone fronting the cave Ananda occu¬ 
pied, whereon the Vulture Mara sat and with outsjiread wings terrified 
his soul, and there is the kindly crevice through which the comforting 
hand of Buddha came and rested on his shoulder, divesting him of fear. 
The very spot where I placed my not irreverent camera to record the 
present condition of the cave is where the vulture sat who gave the 
name Gridhrakuta to this group of caves. 
38. Here it was that Maliendra, more than two centuries later, 
sought refuge in Buddha, and the small clay hill 1 saw at Mahendra 
near Patna, is a model of this hill. The centuries between, and its 
perennial renewings, have altered its outline in detail only. The slan¬ 
ting highway reaching from the foot of the hill to the cave level opposite 
has been worn down to almost a level road at its water-course end, 
where one would naturally imagine the approach to be eminently 
difficult. The caves, too, are rightly placed behind the wall of rocks, 
the mud representing which seems here to have been piled higher as 
the road wore down. So there is an unmistakeable similarity, although 
the likeness may not be at first sight obvious. 
39. I returned to Calcutta in the middle of Februarv, and after 
seeing all my moulds stored away in the Museum, I took up my 
southern tour. 
40. There remained to do — 
ls£, the Asoka inscription at Jaugada in the Madras Presidency; 
2nd, a rescript of the same edicts at JDhauli; 
3 rd, the singular record of self-laudation by the Aira Raja over 
the cave entrance in TJdaigiri ; and 
4 thly, a number of small dedicatory tablets from various caves 
of the TJdaigiri and Khandagiri group. 
41. I booked by the Calna for Gopalpur, a seacoast town of the 
Madras Presidency, about 350 miles from Calcutta. It is the port of 
the Ganjam district; it is also the summer resort. Berhampur is the 
sadar station. Ganjam is but a small station. I was at Gopaljmr in 
the first week of March, and immediately made for Jaugada by way of 
Berhampur. The nearet post-town to Jaugada is Purushottapur, just 
the other side of the Rishikidia river, and the nearest village to the fort 
isPandya; the whole journey from Gopalpur being about 41 miles. 
The assistant tahsildar was of great help to me at Jaugada. While the 
