1895.] Alexander E. Caddy —Asolca Inscriptions in India. 
165 
plaster was preparing, I availed myself of an invitation from Mr. 
Mincliin at Aska. (Mr. Minchin, I may note, is the gentleman who has 
identified himself with the manufacturing industry of the country, to 
whose enterprise is due the prosperity of the present sugarcane culti¬ 
vators.) I was in some hope of seeing a photograph of the Jaugada in¬ 
scription when it was intact in 1857. Mr. Minchin took the negatives 
home with him, and left them at the India Office at the request of the 
Madras Government. Nothing has since been heard of them. He was, 
however, instrumental in drawing the attention of Government to its 
possible defacement from the chipping off of the rock-surface. 
I was not, however, to see them, as Mr. Minchin was disappointed 
to find he had not a copy left. 
42. All that remains of the ancient fort of Jaugada is an immense 
enclosure within a moat and a running mound, 15 to 20 feet high, which 
is entered at several openings where gates have been. 
Within this square enclosure two or three piles of granite rocks 
are most picturesquely grouped, and west of the glen, where the prin¬ 
cipal structures have been, indications of which still exist, an immense 
rock rises up with a circular outline, on the perpendicular face of which 
Asoka’s edicts have been engraved. There are two sets of edicts; the 
left-hand tablet bearing the edicts common to the Girnar, Shahbazgiri, 
and Khalsi rocks, and the right-hand ones, enclosed within a line border, 
bearing symbols at the corners—local edicts addressed to the officers 
governing the state of Samapa —a name unidentified in the ancient 
geography of India. Most probably Samapa was a city on the banks 
of the Rishikulya close by. Magnificent banian trees have avenued the 
road along the riverside, a remnant few of which are still to be seen. 
The inscription was first brought to notice by Sir W. Elliott, when it 
was more perfect. An attempt to make an impression of it has des¬ 
troyed the larger part of the inscription since. There used to be a 
double-storied house close to this rock occupied by a jogi, obscuring the 
view of the edicts, when earlier sets of photographs of the inscription 
were taken. It has since been demolished. 
43. On my completing this work I came through Ramblia, at the 
southern extremity of the Cliilka lake and 28 miles from Jaugada, 
whence I had the pleasant experience of sailing across the Cliilka lake in 
a country-boat with a great mat sail. Old Buddhist traditions cliim to 
the water-borne population here. Boats still carry on their prows 
Buddhist emblems whose purpose or meaning is absolutely forgotten. 
44. Coming into Orissa I proceeded to Khurda , where Mr. 
McPherson very kindly made me his guest, and arranged for my travell¬ 
ing and camp at both Khandagiri and Dhauli; the whole distance from 
