168 Alexander E. Caddy —Asoka Inscriptions in India. [Nov. 
had not yet been exhausted of its treasures. The Museum is enriched 
with casts from two of its four tympana. The worship of the railed 
Bodhi tree and of the auspicious Sri account for two. The grime of 
centuries has concealed the religious significance of the two fractured 
tympana. 
The fourth or left-hand sculpture represents the better half of a 
composition dealing with the apotheosis of the four-tusked elephant. 
(It will be remembered that when Buddha was lord of a herd of 1,000 
elephants, he carried four tusks, according to a birth story figured in 
one of the Bharliut sculptures.) The artist here has tried within a 
limited bas-relief to give every detail of the vast bulk of the lordliest 
of elephants. The Sun is in attendance, and two female elephants on 
each side offer their lord a lotus-worship. Much of the right-half with 
one female elephant is lost. 
The tympanum between this and Sri shows the quadriga of the 
Sun enface. Aruna is surrounded by the heavenly host. The Moon is 
there in her first quarter, and Rahu, too, is largely present. Female 
attendants minister to Aruna. The left-half of the sculpture is partly 
lost, 
54. I am glad to say I have secured casts of these two sculptures. 
55. On this Khandagiri hill are other Buddhist caves, some with 
ancient Pali inscriptions. But the Jains have mostly made it their 
resort. In these caves, or the remains of them, their numerous Tirthan- 
karas with their Saktis look down from the high position which they 
occnpy on the eastern hillside, while the top of the hill is crowned with 
a double temple, which was restored during the Mahratta irruption into 
Orissa. 
56. While the work at Khandagiri was completing, I went on to 
Dhauli. 
In the fork where a tributary enters the By ah river lies an ancient 
tank—the famous Kosali-ganga, regarding the excavation of which 
interesting legends exist. Probably it is one of those enormous tanks 
Buddhists have dug wherever they have made a home for themselves. 
Now much of it is filled up and given over to cultivation. To the west 
of this tank is an obtruded group of granite rocks, forming the isolated 
Dhauli hill. This hill throws out a spur which reaches the tank, and 
which, with the northern end of the hill, makes a basin-like valley be¬ 
tween, with the Kosali-ganga in front of it. 
Not far from the dry tank a block of granite flanks the spur, and, 
on entering the valley at this point, an elephant seems to approach one 
from out of the domed top of the rock, out of whose solid mass it has been 
excavated. This is the upper half of the Aswastama rock ; the lower 
