1888.] 
29 
after the time of Jahangir. 
Shah Jahan II. and Muhammad Shah never used any couplets, so 
far as I can ascertain, on their coinage, but there is a rupee of the Surat 
mint, without date, bearing the following :— 
jjlA &+ 5 z '° 
i. e., u The monarch of the universe, Muhammad Shah, struck coins 
in the world, through the favour of God.” 
I do not think this is a coin of Muhammad Shah, but of some 
rebel king. The style is not that of Muhammad Shah, 
is a common title to give to a temporary king. Nadir Shah who invaded 
India during the time of Muhammad Shah has on his Dehli rupee :— 
i. e., “ The monarch of the monarchs, Nadir, of auspicious birth, is 
a Sultan over the Sultans of the world.” 
• • 
Ahmad Shall Durrani had on all his mohurs and rupees, struck in 
India and elsewhere, the following :— 
j] ^ 2 *. 
b ^31 jl j ptr* y. 
i. e., “ Orders issued from the almighty incomparable Being to 
Ahmad Shah to put (his) stamp on silver and gold, from the fish to the 
moon,” ( i . e., from the bottom of the abyss to the pinnacle of heaven). 
On one rupee of his struck in Kashmir, in my possession, he was 
content with the following :— 
I} *ir y 
Jr jjhs? jjlht jjbw 
i. e., “ The king, the protector of the world, Ahmad Shah, put (his) 
stamp on gold (or silver) through the grace of God.” 
His son, Timur Shah, when acting under his father as Nizam of the 
Panjab, struck on his own rupees the following couplet:—> 
j*bf Jjyj j t^A b 
i. e., “ The coin of Timur Shah got current in the world by the 
order of God and tlie prophet of the people.” 
But, when he came to the throne, after his father’s death, he went 
in for this extravagance :— 
