46 S. C. Das —The Sacred and Ornamental Characters of Tibet. [No. 2, 
Translation of Yugur Sentences * 
(1.) Jampal yan (Manju Ghosha) is the Lord of speech and 
elocution. 
(2.) The goddess Yanclian-ma (Sarasvati) milched the wishing 
cow of science. 
(3.) The noble Tshan-pa (Brahma) holds the treasures of the 
four-fold classes. 
(4.) The chief of the Dharanis can send forth fortune and bliss 
to the dead. 
(5.) Thus the holy ones are not liberal in promises ; 
(6.) But if their promises with difficulty once can be gained, 
(7.) Those remain certain as figures cut on rocks. 
(8.) These they do not gainsay even to death. 
The specimens in Plate VII, No. 1, also a form of Gya-ser-yige, are 
wholly unintelligible to me. This kind of character was used by the 
successors of Chinghis Khan and Qublai in golden tablets. I believe 
some specimens resembling this form of Yugur characters, are given in 
Yule’s Marco Polo.f 
During the decline of the Sakya hierarchy Rin-chhen Punpa, one 
of the most powerful chiefs of Central Tibet, became the patron of 
learning. He invented the curious form of symbolical writing for 
secret state correspondence, which is called after his name, i. e., Rin 
pun yige. I have obtained a copy of some of the Rin pun yige and 
have illustrated them in Plate IVa. 
The specimen in Plate Ya was invented by Sakya Pandita 
KungaA GyaZ-tslian, who was appointed spiritual guide of Goyug and 
Gotan, the grandsons of Chinghis Khan. Kungafr gave the square form 
to the Tibetan characters, a modification of which he introduced in 
Mongolia prior to the invention of the modern Mongolian characters. 
The two forms of characters, contained in Plate Yf and g , were 
probably designed by the KahgyutZ and Gelugpa hierarchies. One 
of these is a modification of the Lan-tsha characters, and the other that 
of the ordinary Tibetan characters written with rounded corners. 
* (1.) S'bra ma gad di namag pyun yanab naphar na myag sa. 
(2.) Ta byak ajath ss tsbo ka dsuk sak sha tot sha choshi tabs. 
(3.) Namali h fiat shakar fia rne nayili nah hassofia la ssit. 
(4.) Dajiya nadi namad galib syanr tsyir in kas rcboh. 
(5.) Ssi bmal be, lak sa thsakb si tsa fishe ki ay clibi dsa. 
(6.) Tshad ye lam fia ap tsap si an dsab tshyn th sa. 
(7.) Thlod tliiko irb sa ssi achlii sin. 
(8.) Nitads tsba chh s be atliiss 1 satli tshad iitsbyntt. 
Transliterated Yngnr Mongolian sentences, 
f [See liis vol. I, pp. 14, 29, 30,169, 344 ; and the plates at pp. 342 and 472. Ed.] 
