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F. E. Par gi ter— Ancient Countries in Eastern India. [No. 2 y 
assigned sometimes to the Southern region ( e.g ., Markanel. Pnr., lvii.45)/ 
The name occurs in various other forms, Pundraka (Sabha-p , iv. 119), 
Paundra (Adi-p., clxxxvii. 7020), Paundraka (id., clxxxvi. 6992; and 
Sahha-p., xxxiii. 1270) and Paundrika (Sahha-p., li. 1872). Tliese names 
are used sometimes as if equivalent, thus, “ Famous in the world is the 
mighty king among the Vaijgas, Pundras and Itiratas, named the 
Paundraka Vasudeva ” (id., xiii. 584), and yet a distinction is made 
between Paundras and Pundras, for they are mentioned separately in the 
list of peoples in India (Bliisma-p., ix. 358 and 365), and Pundras,- 
Pundrakas and Paundrikas are all mentioned in one passage (Sabha-p.» 
li. 1872-4). 
This distinction appears also in the list of kings who attended the 
opening of the Pandavas’ Court. Among them are mentioned “ Apga 
and Vapga with Pundraka, the two kings of Panda and Udra (Pandodra* 
rajau) with Andhraka” (id., iv. 119). The reading Panda here seems 
to be a mistake for Paundra, because there is no passage, that 1 know 
of, which alludes to any country or people called Panda in Eastern 
India, and because the reading Paundra occurs in the same combination 
in the list of kings who attended Yudhisthira’s raja-suya sacrifice, viz., 
sa-paundrodran, “with Paundras and Udras ” (Vana-p., li. 1988). It 
seems clear then that there was a distinction between Pundras and 
Pundrakas on the one hand, and Paundras, Paundrakas and Paundrikas 
on the other; and yet the two people appear to have been but two 
branches of the same nation, for the Paundraka Vasudeva was king of 
the Pundras as stated in the quotation from Sabha-p., xiii. 584 above. 
This inference is corroborated in the further passages which are now 
cited to elucidate their position. 
Lassen places Pundra in the northern half of the modern Chntia' 
Nagpur, and does not show Paundra as separate. The passages that I 
have found which give indications of the position of Pundra and 
Paundra are these. I will consider Paundra first. 
In the two passages last quoted the Paundras are linked with the 
Udras, and the second runs thus—“With Baijgas and Aijgas ( sa-bay- 
gaygan), with Paundras and Udras (sa-paundrodran) , with Colas, Dravi- 
das and Andhrakas (sa-cdla-drcividandhrakan) These three groups 
denote real territorial proximity. The Colas, Dravidas and Andhrakas 
occupied the whole of the east coast of the Dekhan ; the Aijgas and 
Vaqgas were near each other; hence it seems certain, the Paundras and 
Udras were neighbours also. The Paundras and Audras are placed 
together in the Bhisma-p. list (ix. 365). Udra, as will be seen further 
on, was in the extreme west of West Bengal. Again the Paundras are 
grouped along with the Utkalas, Mekalas, Kaliggas and Andliras 
