146 T. Bomford — Pronominal Adjuncts in the Language spoken [No. 3, 
Pronominal Adjuncts in the Language spoken in the Western and Southern 
Parts of the Panjab. — By the Rev. Trevor Bomford, M. A., 
C. M. S., Multan. 
[Read March 1897.] 
These have two forms. 
A. The Direct. In this form they are found in nearly every 
language which has retained any system for the conjugation of verbs, 
and their usual mode of use is in connection with the root of a tense 
to form the different persons. Except for the fact that there are one 
or two peculiarities in their use in Western Panjabi, and one or two 
unusual forms, it would hardly be necessary to mention them, but as it 
is we will devote a short space to them. 
Their forms are — 
1st Person Singular 
Ol 
§ 
Sindhi makes the 3 Plural in ane 
2nd 
5 ? 
5 9 
§ 
Panjabi ,, „ 1 Plural in & 
3rd 
»• 
ii 
e 
„ „ „ 3 Plur. in an or a 
1st Person Plural (a) 
U 
but otherwise they are the same. 
(6) 
ah 
The 2nd form given for 1st Plu¬ 
2nd 
it 
J 
6 
ral is that in use in Shahpur where 
3rd 
>> 
jj 
lA 
in 
it is variously spelt, 
ah, aha, aha, ahe, iha. 
In reference to these forms we would remark. 
1. That in Sindhi a is the short nominative of 1st Pers. Pron. 
Sing, and that the instrumental form of 1st Plur. is 
as§ or asahe. 
2. Their original forms were in Prakrit, 
1st Sing, ami, 2nd Sing, asi, 3rd Sing, ai, 
1st Plur. amo, 2nd Plur. aha, 3rd Plur. anti. 
In their simplest form, they are used in the Shahpur district 
to express the ideas “ I am,” “ Thou art,” &c., and Sir R. P. Burton gives 
them in this shape to represent the present tense of the Substantive 
verb in the extreme south of the Panjab. 
They do not however, as a rule, stand alone, but are attached to 
some other word or part of the root of a word. 
