1897.] in the Western and Southern Tarts of the Panjab. 
147 
(1) Thus they are attached to the root ‘h’ of the Substantive 
verb to form its present tense as — 
1st Pers. Sing. Hs or Mai hi, I am. 
2nd 
3rd 
1st 
He or Tu he, 
He or Uh he, 
Pers. Plur. 
C Hai 
(Hal 
or 
Assa hai, 
Thou art. 
He is. 
We are. 
2nd „ „ Ho or Tussa ho, You are. 
3rd „ „ Hin or Uhe hin, They are. 
It will be seen that the 1st Pers. Plur. has in this case another 
form. 
(2.) They are attached to nouns. In this case if the noun ends 
in a vowel it contracts with the affix or disappears thus — 
Zal mutt! hoi jliuge, Without a wife is any place a home, 
jhuge = jhuga e. 
Hik savi kunje, There is a grey crane, 
kunje = kunj e. 
Iwi apni ghinda matlabe, In this way he gets his purpose. 
Here one would expect ‘ apni matlab ghinda (h)e. 
Baikhari di ajab chale, The profession of Baikhars is wonderful. 
Hik mail khatae, kliande sara sale, One month he earns wages— 
he eats (lives on his earnings) the whole year. 
3. They are attached to adjectives thus — 
Iho kharabe, This is bad. 
Uh cange, That is good. 
Uhe cangin, They are good. 
Thulha kapra handhda cange, Thick cloth wears well. 
4. They are attached to present participles. Thus— 
Karendi, I do. 
'1 ) 
At first sight many would pronounce this merely a contraction for 
karendahi, but I do not think that it is. The simple form of these exist¬ 
ed before the ‘ h ’ form, and further there is a slight difference in mean¬ 
ing for the shorter form has, in writings at all events, a more indefinite 
meaning thus — 
Aukhe velhe dost pakardin,— In times of difficulty friends are 
useful.— Pakarde hin would be rather “ are being useful.” 
5. The third person singular and plural at all events are found 
with Transitive Past Participles — 
Ka! Iho jihl kam kite, Who ever did such a deed as this. 
Assi sare patte dasain, All details were given by us. 
