1897.] 
in the Western and Southern Parts of the Panjab. 
155 
II. Sometimes, when in connection with nouns, they dispense with 
the ‘ li ’; and attach themselves directly to the noun : thus 
Multan gharara At Multan a house is to me. 
„ ghari „ „ „ „ thee. 
„ gharus „ „ „ „ him. 
„ ghar ahse „ „ „ „ us. 
The following example of Indirect pronominal affixes with nouns 
is from Shahpur. 
Sing. 1 Kassim, I have fever Plur. 1 Kassisse, We have fever. 
„ 2 Kassel, Thou hast fever. „ 2 Kassinehe, You have fever. 
„ 3 Kassis, He has fever. ,, 3 Kassinne, They have fever. 
Of course in these the literal meaning is Fever is to me, &c. 
Such forms are more common towards Shahpur and at first sight 
look like instances of Kouns with affixes. Thus “ Multan gharam ” looks 
as if it might be My house is at Multan, hut this is not the case; for we 
cannot say “ Gharam dur he,” My house is far ; hut must say Meda 
ghar dur he. 
They are really instances of the fact that these endings, even with¬ 
out au ‘ h, ’ carry in themselves the idea of the verb. 
III. They are attached to the Past Participles of Intransitive Verbs 
either as Agents (for the Past Participles of Intransitive Verbs were 
originally, as those of Transitive Verbs are now, Passive Participles), 
or as Datives. 
The ‘ m ’ form as Agent. 
Un dl hath a gium, I came into his hand. 
Zar zar ronam, I wept bitterly. 
Jerhe velhe farigh thium, When I became at leisure. 
Pia riham, I remained fallen. 
The 1 m ’ form as Dative. 
Sat jd laggium, The blow which was given to me. 
But Ravi do carh juliam, My body has got up and gone to 
the Ravi. 
Hosh tliikane na rihum, Sense did not stand firm for me. 
E dalil dil vie guzrium, This thought passed through my 
mind. 
2nd Person Singular. 
Agents. 
Ap na ayo, You did not come yourself. 
Datives. 
Tars na ayo, Did not pity come to thee. 
Rahm na ayo, Ditto. 
