1897.] Gr. A. Grierson —On the Kagmirl Consonantal System. 
181 
Aorist Participle is formed by adding sffa yov, and is kaisov , the y 
first changing the t to is, and then being elided under a subsequent rule. 
Again take the adjective fr«T tat*, hot. Its abstract noun is formed 
by substituting -f i -f ar, i.e., yar, for the final ^ “ We 
thus get taisar, heat, the y being elided as in the last case. 
Similarly we have the base gR koth-, a hank, Nom. PI. kwaish*; 
the root wbth-, arise, Past Part., Fern. Sg., wwatsh *, Aorist 
Participle woishov; the adj. wath u , open, watshar, 
openness. 
So, ^ grand-, a counting: Nom. PI. 4^" grant*; */ ^ lad-, 
I ^ l 
build, Past Part., Fern. Sg., laz*, Aorist Part, lazov; 
* N v» 
thad u , high, ijapc thazar, height. 
Again ylran-, an anvil: Nom. PI. ylran* (usually 
^ l 
written V ira ^) ; ran-, cook, Past Part., Fern. Sg., ran* 
•e 
(usually written ran) ; *R tan*, thin, ?RTT tanar, thinness. 
Note that as in the last instances, a final ^ n*, is usually written 
n, but this does not affect the pronunciation. 
Note, also, that the letter *1 y is elided whenever it immediately 
follows one of these modified palatals. It is, however, retained in a 
few verbs. These are given in my List of Ka^miri verbs (/. A. S. B., 
for 1896, p. 308). 
Besides the above, other instances of Palatalization occur. Thus,— 
(i) Cerebrals become Palatals before x. h * y , but not before 
i-matra, or u-matra. Thus— 
Base pat-, a tablet: Nom. Sg. Fem., formed by adding u-matra , 
pat*, Ag. Sg. formed by adding \ i, pad; Nom. PI. formed 
A 
by adding y a , pace. 
Base kdth-, a stalk : Nom. Sg. Fem., hath*; Ag. Sg. ^irfsp 
A 
kachi; Nom. PI. kache. 
Base w had-, great: Nom. PI., formed by adding i-mdtrd, bad*, 
Nom. Sg. Fem. 4^ bad*; Ag. Sg. Fem. baji; Nom. PI. Fem. TO 
baje. 
Again mot*, fat: Nom. PI. Masc. mwap; mocyar 
J. i. 21 
