1897.] G. A. Grierson —On the Kagmlri Consonantal System. 183 
qjqi wal, a serpent’s hole : Nora. PI. qp»r waj*. 
i - 
q*tqi wol u , a large ring : Fern. q^ a small ring. 
«fpgqr kumul «, delicate : kumujydr , delicateness. 
fqr wiil u , fickle : sftsgT wdjyar , fickleness. 
't l 
v/ qiqf pal, protect: Past Part., Fem. Sg. qf^T pay *. But Masc. 
i A 
PI. qif 
(4) * fc, becomes q p before u-matra , or q y. Thus,— 
qiq 6a/i, the twelfth lunar day: Nom. PI. q{s£ hag®; qpq pah , 
ordure: Nom. PI. qjs^ pag*. 
fqq hyuh u , like: Fem. Sg. hig u ; Abstr. Noun higyar , 
^ . I 
similarity, qrq tsoh u , acrid ; Fem. Sg. isag u ; Abstr. Noun 
tsagyar. 
y/ fqq pih, pound: Past Part., Fem. Sg. fq^ pig? ; Aorist Part, 
fq^ffa pigydv; but Past Part., Masc. PI. fqf% pihi. 
(5) W s shows a tendency to become q ish before u-matrd or q y. 
In such a case, also, the q y is as usual elided. Thus,— 
fTJT kUs u , youngest: Fem. Sg. §[q^ hUs*, or kui&h?; Abstr. 
Noun. Wqt kaisar, or kait^har. 
y/ qq has , dwell: Past Part., Fem. Sg. 4^; has or (sometimes) 
4*^ hatsh & ; Fem. PI. qq has « (for qqj base) or (rarely) qq hatsh a . 
y/ ^Tq Ids, be weary: Past Part., Fem. Sg. qiq lus * or qrq 
c\ N< ^ 
svs. 
©\ 
lutsh *. Fem. PI. qffq los a or qTTW lotsh a . 
Note that q y is usually elided after q s. This is specially the 
case in transitive verbs. A list of verbs in which q y is not elided 
is given in my article on Kg^miri verbs already alluded to, J. A. S. B. 
for 1896, p. 308. 
Finally,—in Kagmlri, no word can end in an unaspirated hard 
consonant. If an unaspirated hard consonant falls at the end of a word, 
it is aspirated. Thus,— 
Base qq trak , a certain grain measure, Nom. Sg. qq trakh. 
„ qfq? v ak, one, „ qq fikh. 
qipq kats , glass, „ qniF katsh. 
qf« kat , a ram, „ q*q katli. 
hat , a hundred, „ qq hath. 
jj 
