195 
1897.] G. N. Dutt —Notes on the Vernacular dialects of 8 dr an. 
Parganas. 
11. Marhal 
12. Narhan 
13. Paclak 
14. Sipah 
15. Cirand 
16. Kasmar 
17. Maner 
Square miles. 
.. 101*73 
.. 46*73 
.. 119*74 
.. 11636 
.. 4227 
.. 116* 
2 * 
If we take the internal boundary of the District we find it is 
bounded on the north by parganas Kuan and Sipah ; the south, Andar, 
Narhan, Kasmar and Cirand; the east, Dangsi, Marhal and Maker; the 
west, Caubar and Paclak. 
On a close observation it will appear that the conterminous parganas 
of the neighbouring districts speak a hybrid tongue, each adopting some 
of the vocabulary of their neighbouring parganas ; and differing a great 
deal, say eight to twelve annas, from the language spoken in the district 
proper or in the head-quarters. Travelling from the north, for instance, 
we come across the Khanwaparl boll of Marar Tappa, which is an ad¬ 
mixture of three dialects:—1. The Nawapari dialect of pargana 
Salempur Majhauli. 2. The Jobnaha dialect of pargana .Sidhwa- 
Jobnaha. 3. The Kuariha dialect of pargana Kalyanpur Kuan in 
district Saran. Of these the two first differ from each other by so much 
as eight annas, although the two parganas are conterminous; and 
though situated in the same district of Gorakhpur, their difference from 
the Gorakhpuri language is still greater. Hence it is not right to call 
any of these three pargana dialects by the general provincial name of 
Kanaujia or Gorakhpuri. 
Although these different pargana dialects prevalent in the district, 
have not been given any specific names, they are differentiated from 
each other either (1) by the pargana or Tapjpa names such as Kuariha, 
Jobnaha and Nawapari, or (2) by the name of the rivers which separate 
them, in the same sense as ‘ cis ’ and ‘ trans ’ are used in English. For 
an instance the people of Balia district will call the dialect on the other 
side of the river Dewhapciri boll and vice versa. 
The differences in the various dialects can be best classified under 
the following heads:— 
(a) Difference in affixes (verbal nominal or pronominal). 
(b) Difference in substantive. 
(c) Difference in indeclinables and phrases. 
( d ) Difference in pronouns. 
Commencing from the north we find the small rivulet Klianwa 
dividing the pargana of Kalyanpur Kuarl, the northern portion of the 
