18 
HISTORY OF THE KHOJAS OF EASTERN TURKISTAN. 
from Peking. Against these conditions lie struggled till June 1697, when 
he died suddenly and his followers dispersed—the bulk of them going 
over to Tse-Wang-Rabtan, though some surrendered themselves to 
Feyanku. 
The Emperor at first thought that his troubles with the Qalmaqs were 
at an end, and withdrew the army under Feyanku, which w T as then 
probably in the western part of Kansu, and beyond the Great Wall. 
Tse-Wang-Rabtan became the successor to his uncle, almost without 
opposition, and the Emperor offered generous terms of peace, though he 
required the new chief to give up the mother and daughter of Galdan, 
together with the dead chief’s ashes. This demand was at first resisted 
and led to a long correspondence and exchanges of envoys; but eventually 
Kang-Hi had his way and behaved with magnanimity to the prisoners. * 1 
For a time all went smoothly with China, but Tse-Wang-Rabtan proved to 
be nearly as restless and ambitious a spirit as his uncle. He was thirty-two 
years of age on his accession, and from his earliest days had been engaged in 
the inter-tribal wars, in the campaigns with the Mongols and latterly in oper¬ 
ations of his own against Galdan. It seems probable, indeed, that during 
the last few years of Galdan’s life he had been supplanted by his nephew 
in Western Zungharia (the Ill region), and even to some degree in the 
eastern districts of Eastern Turkistan, for Sir H. Howorth points out that 
in 1696 he had his own garrison of five hundred men at Turfan. Imme¬ 
diately on his succession to the chiefship, moreover, he had to undertake a 
war with his western neighbours, the Kirghiz-Kazaks,—a war which he had, 
in fact, inherited from his uncle, and which he brought to a successful 
conclusion by subduing a large section of the middle horde of that people. 
He also humbled the Kara Kir gh iz (the Purut of the Chinese), a tribe 
that lived in the regions about Lake Isigh-kul, and who supplied the 
Qalmaqs with a contingent of 3,000 fighting men. A little later again— 
in 1704—he was equally successful in suppressing the Turgut Chief Sand- 
ship, 2 to whom he was related by marriage, and w T ho had attacked him 
without any apparent cause. The Turgut, however, suffered for his bold¬ 
ness by the loss of the whole of his followers, for these went over to the 
Zunghars and proved a considerable increase of strength to them. Even 
the Russians, the Zunghar Chief was able to beat back from the northern 
part of his dominions, and Peter the Great was fain to submit to more 
1 Howorth, I, pp. 639 and 642. 
3 Sandsliip was the third son of Ayuka, the chief of the Turgut, then settled in the 
steppes between the rivers Volga and Ural. He had broken with his father and had 
returned. with a large part of his tribe, to endeavour to wrest his native country from 
1 se-VVang-Rabtan. (See Howorth, I, p. 567.) 
