24 
HISTORY OF THE KHOJAS OF EASTERN TURKISTAN. 
Here, in 1757, almost immediately after his arrival, lie died of smallpox, 
and, on the Emperor demanding the corpse of “ the rebel,” it was carried 
to the frontier and delivered over to his envoys. 1 
Throughout 1757 Kien Lung had been pressing forward large bodies of 
troops to the Ill region. The power of the Zunghars, as well as that of 
other Qalmaq 'tribes, had been broken, but this was not satisfaction enough 
for the Emperor in the humour that then controlled him. “ The blood of 
my slaughtered soldiers,” he said, “ cries for vengeance,” and his vengeance 
took the form of a massacre of all Qalmaqs—men, women and children, 
says a Chinese author 2 —that failed to make good their escape. The land 
was practically depopulated, and the Zunghar tribe almost blotted from 
existence. Their country now became Chinese territory, and was, shortly 
afterwards, to be re-peopled by aliens from Manchuria or the extreme east 
of Mongolia, and by Musalmans from Eastern Turkistan. 
In the meantime Khan Khoja having escaped from III, and joined his 
brother Burhanu-d-Din, these two had become the rulers of nearly the 
whole of Eastern Turkistan, and were regarded, now, by the Chinese, as 
their direct dependents, There was, however, no Chinese Governor, but 
the Commander of the army in III, Chao Huei by name, appears to have 
acted as the Emperor’s representative and, following his master’s orders, 
interfered as little as possible with the affairs of the vassal State. 
For nearly a year this state of things seems to have continued, but in 
1758 the two Khojas, thinking themselves secure at a distance from the 
Manchu garrisons of III, revolted and endeavoured to set up an independ¬ 
ent Musalman Government. They declared themselves first at Kuchra, 
but, after a long siege, had to fall back on Kash gh ar and Yarqand. They 
were followed, however, by Chao Huei and his Lieutenant Foute, and 
many months were spent in intrigues and in a desultory kind of fighting, 
until at length the Musalman inhabitants would seem to have become 
weary of the continued disorder and the weakness of Khoja rule. 3 At 
both places, in the summer of 1759, they opened their gates to the inva¬ 
ders, and Eastern Turkistan, from that time forward, became like the 
Zunghar country, a Chinese possession. The two Khojas, who had taken 
their last stand in Yarqand, escaped, together with a number of either 
1 Mr. Schuyler writes :—“ At that time the Chinese Emperor was so strong and 
the Russians were so weak in Asia—their attention at the same moment being taken up 
in Europe by the Turkish wars—that in order to buy peace, they conveyed the dead 
body of Ainursana to Kiakhta and gave it up to the Chinese.”— (Turkistan, II, p. 
168.) 
3 Gueluy, p. 107. 
8 Gueluy, pp. 108-114. 
