HISTORY OF THE KIIOJAS OF EASTERN TURKISTAN. 
36 
miracles and asked for help to take the country of Yarqand. When the 
difficulties of the road were objected to, he asked for an introduction to the 
Qalmaqs who were of the same faith. Accordingly, a letter was written to 
the Tura (chief) of the Qalmaqs of Ila, saying:—“ Oh, Shibur K1 an ! 
Afaq is a great personage w 7 hom Ismadl has expelled from Kash gh ar. 
You should send an army to restore him.” He went and received aid. 16 
When the news of his approach at the head of a Qalmaq army was 
heard, Babak Sultan led a force against him, but was killed in an encounter. 
The victorious Qalmaqs then took Kash gh ar and marched towards 
15 As this is one of the most interesting: episodes recounted in the hook, it may 
be worth while to transcribe literally the author’s complete version of it. He 
writesIsma‘11 Khan expelled Khwaja Afaq from Kashghar. The Hazrat went 
on from city to city until he had passed Kashmir. There is a place named Cliu in the 
country of Chin. There the infidels had a Brahman priest ( Shaikh ) who performed 
miracles, and, by his teaching, had established his own religion. Hazrat Afaq arrived 
there and, by degrees, displayed virtuous habits and miracles, which surprised the 
infidels. The infidels turned their faces to worship. Hazrat Afaq, who was deter¬ 
mined to protect his faith, also betook himself to devotion, and, by manifesting 
miracles and revelations, overcame the infidels, who acknowledged his power and 
asked who he w^as and w'here he had come from. The Hazrat replied : ‘ I belong to 
the sect of Musulmans, and am their Kh waja. 1 had disciples in Yarqand and 
Kashghar; now a man has come and seized those towns and turned me out. I beg 
you to give me people to i ecover my country and restore it to me.* The Brahman 
priest replied :—‘ It is very difficult to send people from here to that place.’ Put 
he gave him the following letter to the Tura of the Qalmaqs at 11a:—‘ Oh, Shibur 
Kh an. Kh waja Afaq is a very great personage whose country (Yurt) is Yarqand and 
Kashghar. In that country he is the Khwaja of the Musulmans. IsmaTl Kh an has 
seized his country and expelled him. You should send an army, recover his country and 
restore it to him ’ . . . . Hazrat Afaq tuck this letter to Ila and saw the 
Tura of the Qalmaqs there. Shibur K1 an treated him with great consideration. He 
acted on the instructions contained in the letter, collected a large army and set out for 
Kashghar.” 
In the first place, it w r ould be interesting to identify the Chu or Ju of the text. 
Captain Valikhanoff does not mention the name in any form, but says that Aiaq “re¬ 
tired to Kashmir, whence he proceeded into Tibet, where he so ingratiated himself with 
the Dalai Lama, that the latter despatched him with a letter to Galdan of Zurgharia, 
requesting the latter to re-establish the authority of Afaq at Kashghar and Yarqand. 
Galdan seizing this opportunity conquered Little Fu^hara (i. e.> Eastern Turkistan) in 
1678 .” What the writer’s authority is for assuming Chu to be Tibet, I do 
not know, nor is there anything to show the source of the date 1678. Still both are 
possible and even likely ; Howortb, Bellew and others have relied upon the Russian 
author. If the statement, that Afaq had passed Kashmir when he arrived at Chu , is to 
be taken literally, it would be necessary to look for the latter place somewhere about 
the confines of Northern India. Eut it is possible that Ladak may have been regarded, 
loosely, as part of Kashmir, and thus the fugitive Khoja may have passed ihrough Ladak 
into Tibet, which would he a more or less direct route. There is not, however, and never 
