EPITOME OF THE MEMOIRS OF THE KHOJAS 
37 
Yarqand. The Yarqand General, Iwaz Beg, was killed, and by Ismsfil 
Khan’s advice, the people of Yarqand treated with the enemy, conditioning 
for the exercise of their faith under their two Makhdum-zadas. This was 
agreed to. Afak was put on the throne and his son Yahya was given 
the government of Kash gh ar. The Qalmaqs carried away Ismalil and 
all his family to Ila. Afaq agreed to an annual tribute of 100,000 tangas 
payable to the Qalmaqs. 16 Thus the evil custom, which continues to 
this day was established by Khwaja Afaq. 
But the reign of Afaq, as King, did not last long, as he found it 
inconsistent with his religious duties. He put a younger brother of 
Ismael’s named Muhammad Amin, 17 on the throne and married their 
sister Khanam Padshah. War was made on the Qalmaqs and several 
of their Chiefs were taken. The disciples of Afaq then became very 
turbulent, the Klan, Muhammad Amin, had to fly from Yarqand, but 
was killed by his own servants and Khwaja Afaq again seated himself 
on the throne. 
has been, any name like Chu or Ju for Tibet, or for any particular province or town in 
that country, as far as I am aware; though Chin is very frequently used as a name for 
Tibet proper, in Turkistan as well as in the hill regions north of the Panjab. Probably, 
therefore, as he is said to have gone to Chin, Afaq did retire to Tibet, and it is just 
possible that Ju may stand for Ju-wo, which Mr. W. W. Rockhill tells us is the name 
of the chief temple at Lhassa, If this is the case, the “ Brahman Shaikh ” would seem 
to have been the Grand, or Dalai Lama, and his influence over the Qalmaq chiefs would 
have been, at that time, very great. It has been mentioned, indeed, (in the Introduction 
above) that Galdan had been a Lamaist pupil at Lhassa, 
As regards the authenticity of the date furnished by Captain Valikhanoff, I can 
offer no suggestion except that 1678 falls within that period of Galdan’s life, when suck 
an event as the invasion of Eastern Turkistan might be looked for. * Isma‘il had suc¬ 
ceeded Abdu-llah in the Khanate, but all we know is that the latter was reigning up to 
1643 (and possibly for some years beyond that date), we know also that more than 
twelve years of Isma‘il’s reign had passed before he expelled Afaq ; while Afaq’s mission 
to Lhassa (if Lhassa it was), his journey thence to Galdan’s seat at Ill, and the Qalmaq 
invasion must have occupied some years. Thus the year 1678 may have been reached. 
The third puzzle in this passage is the name of Shibur Kh an. Captain Valikhanoff 
assumes it to represent Galdan, and most likely he is right, for not only does the prob¬ 
able date bear him out, but, as explained in the Introduction the real name of the chief 
known as “ Galdan ” has never come down to us. Galdan seems to mean <f King,’’ but 
in addressing him, the Dalai Lama of Lhassa would probably use some personal or 
familiar title. 
(See Valikhanoff, Russians in Central Asia, p. 169. Howorth, I., p. 623. Bel- 
lew, Yarqand Report, pp. 175 and 178. Rockhill, J. R. A. S., 1891, pp. 259 and 263.) 
16 Muhammad Sadiq’s text has “4,000 tangas a month.” Valikhanoff makes it 
400,000 tangas a month ! ( Loc . cit, p. 170.) 
17 The text has:—“ They brought Isma‘iTs younger brother, Muhammad Amin, 
from Turf an and placed him on the throne.” One date can be fixed during Muham¬ 
mad Amin’s reign by a reference to the Tazkira-i-Muqim Khani of Yusuf Munsin, as 
