epitome of the memoirs of the khojas. 
53 
bearer, wlio fell with the yak’s tail standard ( Tugh ). After further 
fighting the Kashghar force retired again, and the Yarqand officers 
returned triumphant. 
Now when the Kashghar troops first set out, a deputation of Yarqandls 
had represented to Khwaja Jahan as follows :—“ Khwaja Burhanu-d- 
Din, with the help of the Chinese and Qalmaqs, has taken the whole country 
except Yarqand and Khutan ; but Yarqand is, of all, the chief city of 
Mughalistan, 43 and its inhabitants, as long as they have one mind, are 
capable of encountering those of the whole of the other cities put together. 
But we are doubtful of two men—Ghazi Beg and Niaz Beg—who would 
not scruple to barter their faith for the things of this world. They should 
be imprisoned till these troubles are over, and should have no share in our 
arrangements. Afterwards they might be restored to their present dig¬ 
nities,” But Khwaja Jahan could, with difficulty, be induced to agree 
even to such precautions as preventing them going out into the field, or 
sitting in the court (Urda) to give their orders. 
To return : the invaders finding force of no avail, sent four envoys, 
two Chinese and two Qalmaqs—and they were allowed to come into the 
presence of Khwaja Jahan, who sat on a high throne surrounded by his 
chiefs. They presented a letter which ran in the name, first of the 
Kliaqan, and secondly of Amursana, and in which the Yarqand! leaders 
were reproached with their folly in withholding the tribute paid by them 
forefathers for many generations. Their error was ascribed to Dabaji, the 
expelled Tura of Ila. All the countries formerly in possession of the 
Qalmaqs had now fallen to the Chinese crown, of right. The Kfian had 
sent this embassy to invite them to obedience. If they happened to be 
victorious over it, he threatened that troops upon troops would come from 
China and slay down to the very four-footed beasts; and he concluded by 
exhorting them to lay down them arms, promising good terms and throw¬ 
ing the responsibility of rejecting this offer on Khwaja Jahan. 44 
The Khwaja tore up the letter and burned it. He then replied, 
saying :—“ Khwaja Burhan is eating dirt. If he knows himself to be a 
43 It is curious to see this name applied to Eastern Turkistan. At an earlier date the 
regions to the north of the Tien Shan alone were known as Mucjhalistdn, because they 
were those inhabited by the Mu gh als. or Mongols. Early in the I6th century, when 
a Mu gh al Khan conquered Eastern Turkistan and made Kashghar his capital, the name 
of Mugko list an seems to have extended over the whole of his dominions ; while our 
author, two centuries later, applies it to Eastern Turkistan only. Probably it was not 
a commonly used name even in his time : now-a-days it is never heard for Eastern 
Turkistan, 
41 This expedition to Yarqand is not mentioned in the memoirof Kienlung on the 
conquest of the “ Eleuths ” (as translated by Amiot), hut the letter, although it is not 
expressly said to have come from the Emperor, has the real Kienlung tone about it. 
