28 
G. A. Grierson —On the Kanmtri Verb. 
[No. 1, 
The Present Participle. This Participle is an active one. It 
has been fully described under the head of Primary Suffixes, (No. 1 ; 
Vol. lxvii, p. 193). The following resume is given for the sake of con- 
venience. It is formed by adding 
^fTif an to the root (viii. i. 19 ; ix. i. 2). Thus, tear, make. 
Pres. Part. kardn. It does not change for gender or number. 
The roots fa ni , take, fa di, give, and fa yi, come, take wan , 
thus fepri^r niwan, diivdn , fa yiwan. Other roots ending in 
\ i change the ^ i to ^ ya, and add ^T«T wan. Thus, fa khi, eat, Pres. 
Part. khyawdn, fa ci, drink, cyawdn (viii. i. 19, 20; ix i. 3). 
When a Present Participle is repeated, it means that the thing is 
done frequently (ix. i. 4). Thus fa^fT«T fa^I^ diivdn diwdn gauv, 
he kept giving as he went. 
The Future Participle. This is a passive Participle, equivalent 
to the Latin Future Participle in - endus , or the Sanskrit Participle in 
aniyah. It is the same in form as the Infinitive in ^*f un, 
^•T un u or an u . Thus, iT^*f yih path chuh parun, 
^ ^ l 
this lesson is to be read, ayam patluih pathaniyah. qrfa 
yih puth 1 cheh paran , this book is to be read, iyam pustika pathaniya. 
Tn the case of Intransitive Verbs, ihe participle takes an impersonal 
passive signification. Thus, tsalun , it is to be fled, calaniyam , 
rf^T '§r^ tas chuh tsalun, it is to be fled by him, he must flee. 
Note that the Agent is always put in the Accusative (which is an old 
Dative), and not in the Agent case, as we might expect. For further 
particulars regarding the use of this Future Participle, see the article on 
Primary Suffixes, Nos. J6-18, (Vol. lxvii, pp. 204 and ff.) 
The Future Impersonal Participle. Another impersonal Future 
Participle Passive is formed by adding ssfifl ani to the root (ix. i. 50). 
It is formed with both Transitive and Intransitive verbs. Thus ?f^ 
x 
tas karani, it is to be done by him, he must do; ff*? tas 
pakani , he must go. See Primary Suffix No. 14 (Vol. lxvii, p. 201). 
The Verbal Past Participle. These will be fully dealt with 
when describing the past tenses. Suffice it at present to say that the 
Past Verbal Past Participle only occurs in the first and second conju¬ 
gations, and is formed by adding ^ u-mdtrd to the root. Thus, first 
conjugation, kar u , done ; second conjugation, 4^ tsal u , gone. In 
the case of verbs of the first conjugation, it is a Passive' Participle, and 
