1899.] 
Verbal Adverbs , or Conjunctive Participles. 
31 
Present Conjunctive Participle, 35Tlf«T kardn *, on making, at tlie time 
of making. It is used in sentences like the following 3R;{f«r JTfa - 
suh kardn * gauv , he went away as he was doing it. This form is not 
mentioned by ^vara-kaula, and, according to my pandit, is only used 
by rustics. It is more elegant to use the simple Present Participle. 
Thus, suh kardn gauv. 
The Past Conjunctive Participle. This form corresponds to the 
Sanskrit Conjunctive Participle in tva, or ya tya ), and means 
‘ having done so and so.’ It is fully described in the Article on 
Primary Suffixes, (No. 2; Yol. lxvii, p. 193), and the more important 
information there given is here repeated for the sake of convenience. 
It is formed by adding itli or ith kyath, to the root. Thus, 
karith, having made, parith , having read. So also 
karith kyath , having made, and ^EJ^[ parith kyath , having read 
(ix. i. 5, 6). 
Before this suffix a radical d is modified, a radical ^ e becomes 
t; l, and a radical ^Tt o becomes ^ u (ix. i. 13-15). Thus,— 
From — 
kdr, boil. 
iTTT mar, beat. 
«TTT tar, pass over. 
tset, pound to powder. 
lekh, write. 
[So also — 
byah , sit. 
t£\^ khdts, fear. 
bdz, hear. 
rfW tol, weigh. 
Roots ending in vowels, 
follows (ix. i. 7, 8). 
klii, eat. 
ci, drink. 
karith, having boiled. 
mgr ith, having beaten. 
fftfVvj tdrith having passed over. 
tsitith, having pounded to 
powder. 
llkhitli, having written. 
bihith, having sat]. 
khuisith, having feared. 
*rf5T® buzith, having heard. 
tulith, having weighed, 
rm their Conjunctive Participle as 
khycith, having eaten. 
cydth, having drunk. 
