1899.] 
Present Indicative. 
33 
A. Indicative Mood. 
1. Present Tense. 
The same form is used both for the Definite, the Habitual, and the 
Indefinite Present (viii. i. 7-10). Thus, VTPT ^ parcin chuh, he is 
reading, or he is in the habit of reading, or he reads. So we have,— 
SfJTrre TWT«T Igwar zagatas rachan chuh, God protects 
the world. 
TTI*r VT»P9 WT5T pdn a pdnas radian chuh , by himself (i.e., 
by his own power) he protects himself. Atmana atmdnam 
palayati. 
vyakaran parcin chuh ldkut u , the boy is 
reading (i.e., has arrived at that stage of his studies) 
grammar. 
jITT^r ^WT«I gaygay a gatshdn chuh prdth kumbas. 
He visits (is in the habit of visiting) the Ganges at every 
kumbha festival. 
^PCr«T kydh chuh murbs kardn, does he make 
images ? (is that his profession ?) 
c»TT«T kyali chuh jdn lekhdn , is the holy man 
writing (and going on writing) ? 
rcrer«T kyah chuh rH u gyawdn, is the good man 
singing ? 
This tense is found by adding the Present Tense of the auxiliary 
verb to the Present Participle of the principal verb, which does not 
change for gender or number. It is therefore thus conjugated. 
I make , or am making. 
Singular. 
Plural. 
Person. 
Masculine. 
Feminine. 
Masculine. 
Feminine. 
1 
** \» * 
karan chus. 
karan dies. 
WKT* fax 
karan chih. 
X 
kardn cheh. 
2 
' V» ' 
karan chukh. 
karan chekh. 
karan chiw a . 
3ncr«T $1^ 
kardn chew a . 
3 
^ X T^T 
~ VJ ' 
karan chuh. 
karan cheh. 
X 
kardn chih. 
^ X 
kardn cheh. 
J. i. 5 
