1899.] 
The Verbal Past Participle. 
41 
If the root-vowel is i, before i-matra, it is unchanged. Thus, fftff 
liv\ they (masc.) (were) plastered. 
If the root-vowel is i, before u-matra , it becomes yu. Thus, fPtT 
ctr , squeeze out, cyiir™, he (was) squeezed out. 
If the root-vowel is i, before u-matra it is unchanged. Thus, 
clr™, she (was) squeezed out. 
If the root-vowel is i, before i-matra it is unchanged. Thus, 'fife 
cir 1 , they (masc.) (were) squeezed out. 
If the root-vowel u or u, it always remains unchanged. Thus, 
from buz , parch, ^ buz™, ^5? buz™, *rfgj buz 1 . From but, rob, 
VJ* ^ ^ C\ •’ ’ 
*12 lut™, ^3 lut * *rf2 lut\ 
If the root-vowel is e, before u-matra , it becomes yu. Thus, 
pher, be turned, phyur w , he (was) turned (viii. iii. 21, 22). 
If the root-vowel is e, before u-matra , it becomes i. Thus, 
phir™, she (was) turned (viii. iii. 23). 
If the root-vowel is e, before i-matra, it becomes i. Thus, 
phir*, they (were) turned (viii. iii. 21, 22). 
If the root-vowel is o, before u-matra , it becomes u. Thus, fisr 
boz , hear, buz™, he (was) heard (viii. iii. 24). 
If the root-vowel is o, before u-matra , it becomes u. Thus, 
buz™, she (was) heard (viii. iii. 25). 
If the root-vowel is b, before i-matra , it becomes u. Thus, 
buz % they (masc.) (were) heard (viii. iii. 24). 
Before ^ e or ^ a of the feminine plural, the root-vowel is always 
unchanged. Thus, sfvf hare , mare y ffjsj live, 'ftf cire, buz 9 , 
fif phert, bbz a . 
When any pronominal suffix except ^ w a is added to a form ending 
in a matra-Y owel, that matra-Y owel becomes fully pronounced, but the 
modification of the root-vowel remains unchanged. Thus, ejpr kar™ (pro¬ 
nounced A:or) + 5T n, becomes karun , pronounced korun , and not Jcarun 
or horn. So mor u -f «T becomes morun, and so on. In such a 
case, u-matra is pronounced as a short German u. Thus, kar™ (pro¬ 
nounced hiir )*T n , becomes kar™n , pronounced hiiriin. If the suffix is 
J. r. 6 
