44 
G. A. Grierson — On the Kdgmiri Verb. 
[No. t, 
The verbs pih, grind ; muh , deceive ; sah, bear ; 
g a h, grind ; and ts a h , snck, under similar circumstances change their 
final ^ h to W p (viii. iii. 75). Thus,— 
pyuh u , he (was) ground; but fair pi(f r she (was) ground; 
and fqm pig$, they (fem.) were ground. 
Combining what is said here, together with what has been said 
above (pp. 40 and ff.) regarding vowel changes, we come to the three 
following general rules, all of which apply only to the first and second 
conjugations, and do not apply to the third. 
1. In the Past Participle masculine, both singular and plural, only 
the root vowel, and not the final consonant, is liable to change. 
2. In the Past Participle feminine singular, both the root vowel and 
the final consonant are liable to change. 
3. In the Past Participle feminine plural, only the final consonant, 
and not the root vowel, is liable to change. 
These three rules are most important, as the whole scheme of 
conjugating the Past Tense depends upon them. 
Irregular Past Participles. 
The following verbs have irregular Past Participles. The irregu 
larities are, of course, carried through the Past tense. 
PAST PARTICIPLE. 
Verb. 
Singular. 
Plural. 
Masculine. 
Feminine. 
Masculine. 
Feminine. 
^ Ichas, mount 
(viii. iii. 66). 
khath u \ or 
st 
4rl khat'O. 
4^ khatsh *, 
[or 
_ A 
khgts u J . 
Jchath* 
[or 
khat'fi 
* 
khatsh a 
[or 
khats a ~\• 
TO vas, descend 
(66). 
wath u . 
st • 
watsh 
* 
wathl. 
s • 
ivatsh a . 
