20 
G. A. Grierson — On the Kdgmirl Verb. [No. 1, 
^ as is however, used for «Hif an with the third person. Thus, 
^Ti«r kardn cha-s , not kardn chu-n, he makes him. 
' s* ' - \t ~ 
Agent — 
Jcgru-n ( ^ an), made by him, he made. 
For all cases of the plural, the suffix is akh (viii. i. 35). 
Thus,— 
kardn chu-s-akh, I make for them, or I make them. 
kardn chu-kli , he makes for them, or makes them. 
karu-kh, made by them, they made. 
Moods and Tenses. 
The Ka^miri verb has four Moods, viz., the Indicative, the Impera¬ 
tive, the Benedictive, and the Conditional. 
The Indicative Mood is usually credited with eight tenses, viz., — 
1. The Present. 
2. The Imperfect. 
3. The Future. 
4. The Past. 
5. The Aorist. 
6. The Pluperfect. 
7. The Perfect. 
8. The Periphrastic Pluperfect. 
Of these, Nos. 2, 7, and 8, are not discussed by lyvara-kaula in his 
grammar. I shall, however, give short notices of them for the sake of 
completeness. Nos. 1, 2, 7, and 8, are all periphrastic tenses, made up 
of Participles conjugated with auxiliary verbs. In No. 1, the Present 
participle is conjugated with the Present tense of the auxiliary verb, 
and in No. 2, it is conjugated with the Past tense of the same. In 
No. 7, the Past participle is conjugated with the Present tense of the 
same verb, and in No. 8, with its Past tense. 
The Imperative Mood has three tenses, viz., — 
1. The Present. 
2. The Future. 
3. The Past. 
The Present Imperative has two forms, a Simple, and a Modified. 
The Benedictive Mood has one tense, which may be called the 
Future. 
The Conditional Mood has two tenses, viz., — 
1. A Present-Future. This is the same 2. A Past, 
in form as the Future Indicative. 
