10 
G. A. Grierson — On the Kdgmirl Verb. [No. 1, 
gdrjg, go to sleep. sdwdn chuh , lie puts to 
sleep (30). 
zdldn chuh, lie burns 
(act.) (31). 
hdwdn chuh, he shows (32). 
' VJ » 
pakandwan chuh, he 
drives. 
Jl^in«n*r gatshanawan chuh, he 
despatches (33). 
I'll us, JlT^iT ^•fT^T»T gov^n paka- 
nnivdn chuh, he drives the cows ; 
guTjgdy a gab&hand- 
wdn chu-s, he sends him to the 
Ganges. 
tuldn chuh, he raises, he 
lifts up; but oEpgsnsn*r 
wothandwdn chuh, he causes so 
and so to rise (34). 
Verbal Suffixes. 
Before proceeding to the consideration of the conjugation of the 
verb, it is necessary to describe in detail one remarkable feature of the 
K^miri language, which it shares with other languages of the North- 
Western group of the Indo-Aryan Vernaculars, namely, the facility 
with which the meaning of the verbal stem can be modified by the 
addition of suffixes. Indeed, it may be said that, given the form of a 
tense-stem, there is usually no conjugation, in the proper sense of the 
word, at all. In most cases, suffixes, which may be added, or detached, 
at pleasure, and most of which have an independent recognised exis¬ 
tence, are added, and give the various modifications of meaning which 
we designate number and person, or of negation, affirmation, and so on, 
by forming true compound words, and without becoming merged in the 
base in the form of terminations. Thus, take the word kar u . This 
means ‘ made,’ and may mean, ‘ made by me,’ ‘ made by us,’ 1 made by 
him’ and so on. That is to say, it means, ‘ I made,’ ‘ we made,’ ‘he 
made,’ &c. If we wish to lay stress on the person who made, we may 
say rrf*T tgm 1 kar u , ‘ by him made,’ i.e., ‘ he made.’ Instead, 
however of using tam 1 , the instrumental singular of the third 
daz, burn. 
des, see. 
31^ gat§h . 
ivoth, rise. 
