1899.] 
Causal Voice. 
9 
to the 2nd conjugation) ; bad, be powerful; has, become clear 
(according to my Pandit, this verb belongs to the 2nd conjugation) ; 
^ bud, be old : braz, shine ; ^rrq- yap, pervade ; ^ ramb, be beauti¬ 
ful ; ^ ras, be full of juice ; rots, be preferred ; rot, be stopped ; 
W r a d, persistently follow; r a n, be worn out; lyad, be con¬ 
quered ; lor, become deficient. Thus, 3i^iTrTr«r k a tsanawdn 
chuli, not efi^T^r[«r k^ti a rdwdn chuh. 
x x x x 
All causal verbs in a rdw, may optionally drop the syllable aw in 
the termination, and add a r instead of a rdw (viii. iv. 24). Thus,— 
Instead of— We may have — 
kal a rdwdn chuh hal a rdn chuh 
N X ^ X * V \ ^ X • 
qob a rdivdn chuh qob a ran chuh 
X N X ^ ' > s > V • 
tsok a rdwdn chuh ^f\TT»T tsok a rdn chuh 
• x X X • • X X vj X 
and so on. 
The following verbs form their causals by merely lengthening 
their root vowels (viii. iv. 28). 
rfT tar, be crossed. Causal fTTO*T tdran chuh, he crosses. 
mar, die. tRKl«T mdrdn chuh, he kills. 
dal, pass over. ^T^rT«T ddlan chuh, lie causes to 
pass over. 
*TJT lag, be with. ^T[Jir*r lagan chuh, he unites. 
When in; mar (18, 28), means ‘unite,’ and when lag (28) 
means ‘suffer pain,’ or ‘fit,’ they are regular. Thus, *TT«TT3T«T 
maranawdn chuh, he causes to unite ; lagandwan chuh, he 
causes to suffer pain. 
The following are quite irregular,— 
f«T zi, be born. Causal zov a rdn chuh, he brings 
forth (26). 
khas, ascend. ^ khdrdn chuh, he causes to 
ascend (29). 
vas, descend. wdrdn chuh, he brings down 
(29). 
J. i. 2 
