8 
G. A. Grierson— On the Kdgmiri Verb. 
[No. ], 
The verb qfqr tsolc, if it means ‘ be sour,' makes its causal ^3[Riqi*r 
• # N " 
tsok a rdwdn chuh; but if it means * be angry,’ its causal is 
tsuk a rdwdn chuh. The verb khal, be loose, makes its ?■ causal 
yj X * tt. 
?§^Riqi«?r W\if khal a rdwdn chuh , or ’qaRyqioT khaj a rdwdn chuh. 
The following verbs form their causals optionally by adding either 
andw, or a rdw, (viii. iv. 19, 21, 22, 23). 
First Conjugation : W3V chak , scatter ; wq chap, pass time ; 
tsen, know by a sign ; man, confess. 
Second Conjugation : tsal, flee ; ^ tshyann, be split; 
$ 
thak, be weary; qre phas, be entangled ; qpr phut, be broken ; pholl, 
expand (of a flower) ; qq mas, forget; rav, be lost; hokh, be 
dry; hobs, decay ; qq grap, be digested. 
Third Conjugation : tyatli, be bitter. 
Thus, tsih a rdivdn chuh , or %*r«nqi«FT wq tsenandzudn 
* " VJ ■» ~ X 
chuh: ^^TT^1*T wq tsol a rdwdn chuh , or ^?«n^T5f tsalanawan chuh: 
X x \J ' • ** vj V ' 
4 a»5T«n«T W^ tyath a rmvdn chuh, or tyathandwan chuh. 
The root chak does not alter its meaning in the causal in a rdw. 
Thus, W3H5T wq chak an chuh, wqRTqre chak a rowan chuh , both mean 
'XyjN V yj V * / 
‘ lie scatters.’ To give a causal meaning it has W3\«TRI«T chakanawan 
chuh , or chak a randicdn chuh. 
The root w? chap has for its causal wqTrqre chapHdwdn chuh, 
WqsfRTST chapandwdn chuh, or ^xr^i«ri«T chop a rdwcin chuh. 
The following verbs of the third conjugation form their cansals in 
andw, and not in a rdw (viii. iv. 17). k a ts, be wet; goh, shine ; 
grak, boil over; after zot, shine; t a k, run; qq? tel, smart; cfiq 
tos, be satisfied (according to my Pandit, this verb belongs to the 2nd 
conjugation); dor, run; itfq nap, shine; nil , become blue; 
pis, boil over; q^ ped, exude; qR par, be competent; qR prar, 
wait (according to my Pandit, this verb belongs to the 2nd conjuga¬ 
tion) ; qq phab, be excellent; qR phar, be stolen ; qr^T phal, become 
old (of clothes); qpr phug or qpf phuh, be inwardly angry; pher, 
go round ; qfR phbr, quiver (according to my Pandit, this verb belongs 
