4 
G. A. Grierson— On the Kagmlri Verb. [No. 1, 
In adding this termination ^ an a , we must remember that in the 
ease of the verbs f«r ni, take, cli, give, f?T yi, come, the first ^ a is 
elided (viii. ii. 11). Thus, fi?sr nin a yiwan chuh, he is being 
taken. 
f^sr din a yiwan chuh , he is being given. 
yin 0 yiwan chuh , it is being come by him, i.e ., he is 
coming. In the case of other verbs ending in i, that vowel becomes 
y. Thus,— 
khi, eat, fw*T khyan a yiwan chuh , he is being eaten. 
f% hi, take, hyan a yiwan chuh, he is being taken 
ci, drink, f^^Tl cyan ° yiivdn chuh , it is being drunk. 
The Causal Voice. 
A root is made causal by adding anaw (viii. iv. 2, 3). Thus, 
eftT kar, make ; karanaw, cause to make. So, in the present 
tense, 3&n«rT karan chuh , he makes ; ^sn^T^r karandwdn chuh, 
' vj ' 7 'VI' 
he causes to make. 
Exceptions — 
The root wuph, fly, is regular. Thus, wuphandivan 
chuh , he causes to fly. But when the causal verb means * to incite,’ 
the n is changed to l (viii. iv. 4). Thus, wuphalawdn 
chuh, be incites. 
Intransitive roots containing 
anaiv in forming causals (viii. 
From— 
wobar, be finished. 
kabsar, be tawny. 
kumal, be tender. 
cSkhar, be contracted. 
three aksaras omit the ^?r an of 
•** 
iv. 7). Thus,— 
^^TsTT«T ivobarawan chuh , he 
vl ' 
finishes. 
kdtsardwdn chuh , he 
makes tawny. 
kumaldwdn chuh, he 
makes tender. 
cokhardivan chuh, he 
^ vj X 
makes contracted. 
