1899.] 
Passive Voice. 
3 
tn*PT fs?37*T pdna-y chuh yiwan karan ®, lie, himself, is 
being made. 
Even neuter verbs can take the passive form, without, in this case, 
changing their meaning (viii. i. 51). Thus,— 
«ffrn*T zotdn chuh : or 
5TTfT*T f^r37«T zdtan a yiwan cliuh , he is shining. The latter 
example is literally, he is coming into shining. 
dazdn chuh , or 
^^j5T f^T«T dazan a yiwan chuh , he is burning. 
The root boz, hear, when used in the passive means ‘ see 
(viii. i. 52). Thus,— 
if]aTT*r bozan chuh , he hears, but. 
• ** vj n. ' ' 
bdzan a yiwan chuh , he is being seen. 
bozan a dv (dv, is the irregular past tense of yi), he 
was seen. 
^t^nr buzan a yiyi, he will be seen. 
If we want to express the passive of the verb ‘ to hear/ we must 
use a periphrasis. Thus,— 
sftfTircr bozanas andar yiwan chuh , he is coming 
into hearing, he is being heard. 
The root jit gar, work metal, may mean ‘ to become hard ’ in the 
Passive (viii. i. 53). Thus,— 
f*TqTT«T garan a yiwan chuh, it is being worked, or it is 
becoming hard. 
The root fir ni, take, may mean 4 to have the attention distracted ’ 
in the Passive (viii. i. 55). Thus,— 
f*r*r f^cTT«T nin a yiwan chuh, he is being distracted, or he is 
being taken. 
The root hi, take, may mean ‘ to be engaged in ’ in the Passive 
(viii. i. 56). Thus, ^ir hyan a yiwan chuh , he is engaged (in a 
business), or he is being taken. 
The root des, see, is irregular. Its Passive is formed thus, 
misr Wl? dreth yiwan chuh , he is being seen (viii. i. 54). 
