60 
G. A. Grierson —On the Kaqmiri Verb. 
[No. 1, 
Special Bides for the Third Conjugation. 
In this conjugation, the participle (and consequently, the tense 
formed from it) is not used as an aorist, but as a past; with the same 
meaning as the past participle of the first and second conjugations. It 
is not the tense of narration. 
The aorist participle is formed by adding * 7 ^ yov to the root. 
Thus, wuph, fly, ivuphyov. Beh re this the final consonant of 
a root is not liable to change, as it is in the case of verbs of the first and 
second conjugations. Thus, from 3T3’ zeth , be long, a verb of the 3rd 
conjugation, the aorist participle is zethyov , and not zechydv, 
as it would be, if the verb belonged to the 2nd conjugation. 
Note also that in this conjugation, *7 y is not elided after ^ t$, 
W tsh, si z , or sj n (viii. iii. 49). I^vara-kaula in this sutra gives the 
following list of verbs, which do not elide y. It includes many of 
the verbs ending in these letters which belong to the third conjugation. 
gro^s, be splashed out; isobs, have insufficient means of 
livelihood; ^ tshots, be empty ; tez, be sharp ; tf^T paz, be fit; 
braz , shine ; ^T^5T bdwaz , be preferred ; lets , be weak ; 
prots, be pure. Thus, grotsyov, not TpflS' groisov. 
The other verbs belonging to the third conjugation, which end in 
these letters, and which are not mentioned by ^vara-kaula in the 
above sutra are the following : — 
ais , enter; ^ trats , fear; mots , remain over and above; 
citsh , be weak ; itm gaish, go; palaz, be useful; ranz , be 
pleased; laz , be suitable; wuz , be wide awake, appear. 
^X7«T sapaz , become, is considered the same as sapan , or sapad , 
and belongs to the second conjugation. According to my Pandit 
palaz, above recorded, belongs to the second conjugation. 
According to my Pandit, of these, ^ trats and atsh, always 
retain y. The others retain it optionally except ais and 
gat*h, which are irregular. See below, pp. 64 and 65. 
Moreover, ** y is not, in this conjugation, elided after ^ s. All the 
examples of the elision of H y after this letter given by Ifvara-kaula 
belong either to the first or second conjugation. 
