1899.] 
75 
Pluperfect Tense. 
The formation of the Pluperfect and True Pluperfect participles of 
the following verbs is irregular :— 
Pluperfect Participle. 
True Pluperfect 
Participle. 
fcf yi, come. 
^Rfa aydv. 
^RT«T aydv. 
f^r zi, be born. 
«IRt«r zdyov. 
3TRR zdydv. 
ner, go forth. 
5RR drdydv. 
3fRR drdydv . 
ate, enter. 
tedyov. 
rrr tedydv. 
TO pras, be born. 
TZITRR pyaydv. 
UfRR pyaydv. 
fq- pi, fall. 
URR peyov. 
JJRR peyav. 
JR gaish , go. 
JR*R gayov. 
JRR gaydv. 
It will be seen that these Pluperfect Participles (in the sense of the 
Aorist) are really Aorist Participles of the second conjugation. The 
feminine, and masculine plural forms, will be found in the list of 
irregular Aorist Participles (pp. 62 and ff:.). 
When pronominal suffixes are added to this tense, a final «r v or *7 y 
is elided, as in the case of the aorist (p. 66). Thus, aydr + ^r as, 
^psTTW dyd-s, he came to him. aydy + 'QR r as, dyd-s, they 
came to him. Other examples of these suffixes are dyd-s+ 
as, dyd-s-as, I came to him; aya-Jch + m^ as, 
dyd-h-as, thou earnest to him; dyd-w® + as, ^RTTO dya-wa-s, 
you came to him (viii. iii. 41). 
When ay, the suffix of the dative of the second person singular 
is added; ^fT«r dv becomes o, and ^TR ay, m\ a (42). Thus, ^*R oy 
(^fR dr + ^R ay), he came for thee; ^{*7 ay, they came for thee ; ^R 
droy, he came out for thee ; Sfbr dray, they came out for thee ; RR tsoy, he 
entered for thee ; tsay, they entered for thee. So j|fqisfR wuphiyoy, 
he flew for thee (^fqRR wuphiyav + ^T ay). 
