76 
G. A. Grierson —On the Kftgmiri Verb. 
7. Perfect Tense. 
[No. 1, 
This tense is not described by I^vara-kaula. It is formed by 
conjugating the Adjectival Past Participle with the Present tense of the 
Auxiliary Verb. As in the case of the other past tenses, the construction 
is passive in verbs of the first conjugation, and active in verbs of the 
second and third. The pronominal suffixes are added as in the past 
tenses. They are added to the Auxiliary Verb, and not to the Participle. 
In the first conjugation they are suffixes of the agent case, and in the 
other two of the nominative case. As in the case of the Past tense, 
there are a , b, and c forms,—i.e., we may omit the suffixes at pleasure, 
except in the second person. Thus,— 
(a) . ?}pT ^ tarn 1 kgr u mat n chub , by him has been made,— 
(6). tarn * kar' u mgt u cliu-n , by him has been made- 
by-him,— 
(c). W*r kar^mat 11 chu-n , has been made-by-him,— 
all meaning ‘ he has made.’ 
In the second person, only the b and c forms are used. Thus,— 
(b) , tohe kar^mat 11 chu-w a y by you has been made- 
by-you. 
(c) . ^ kar n mg,t' a c7iu-w a , has been made by you, both 
meaning ‘ you made.’ We cannot say w'? tohe 
kg,r u mgt u chuh. In the paradigms, I shall only give the 
c. forms. 
The Auxiliary Verb may either precede or follow the Participle. 
i i 
i i 
Thus, Wf{ kar u mgt u chu-m or WT{ chu-m kgr n mgt u , but it is 
considered more elegant for it to precede, when in a sentence, and not 
standing by itself. Thus, jjj JIT me chu-m gar a kgr u mgt u i I 
have built a house. When standing by itself, the Auxiliary Verb usually 
follows. 
The following is the conjugation of this tense. Regarding the 
formation of the Adjective Past Participle, and its declension, see p. 29. 
