78 
[No. 1, 
G. A. Grierson —On the Kagmiri Verb. 
(b). Impersonal verb, (c. Forms only). 
‘I have laughed,’ lit., 1 it has been laughed by me.’ 
i l 
Sing. 1. as n mat u chu-m, I have laughed. 
2 . 
3. 
Plur. J. 
2 . 
3. 
i " i 
to as w mat u chu-th, thou hast laughed. 
VI « ’ 
I ' f x 
as u mat w chu-n, he has laughed. 
i i 
as 1l mat u chnh, we have laughed. 
I * I 
’Sillier ^ Q' sUm Q't' u ' chu-w a , you have laughed. 
I ^ I 
^5Ft«T as u mat n cliu-kh, they have laughed. 
Pronominal Suffixes. 
When the grammatical subject (i.e., the logical object) is a pronoun, 
it is frequently added in the shape of another pronominal suffix 
(nominative form). The following are the masculine forms used. 
Feminine forms can be easily made on the same principle:— 
i i 
kar u mat u chu-th-as, have been made-by thee-I, 
thou hast made me. 
\ i 
So kar^maW' che-th-as, thou hast made me (fern.). 
\ # Cs, n • ' ' ' 
I f N 
fTO kar'mat * chi-th , thou hast made us (masc.). 
There is no suffix for the first person plural. 
kg,r u mat u chu-n-as, he has made me. 
i ^ 
kar^mat™ chu-w-as, you have made me. 
I 
m*5PFT«T kar u mat' a chu-h-as, they have made me. 
i I 
' M 
^ chu-m-akh , I have made thee. 
I ] chu-n-akh , he has made thee. 
Jcar u mat u d * ' 
i chu-kh , we have made thee. 
chu-h-akh , they have made thee. 
When the logical object is the third person, the forms of the first 
and third persons are not used in this way. This applies also to the 
plural. We thus have only the two following forms:— 
kar^maV, 
• • / 
( W'SIrr chu-th-an, thou hast made him. 
I i 
( TOT chu-w-an , you have made him. 
For ‘ I have made him,’ we must use the full pronoun ; thus, ^ 
suh chu-m kar u mat u , and so for the others. 
> . * • / 
