so 
[No. 1, 
G. A. Grierson — On the Kagmirl Verb. 
8. The Periphrastic Pluperfect Tense. 
This tense, also, is not mentioned by I^ara-kaula. It is formed 
exactly like the perfect, except that the past tense of the auxiliary verb 
is used instead of the present. It is unnecessary to give full paradigms, 
the following examples will suffice. 
i i 
kar u mat u osu-m , I had made (him). 
i i 
kar^mais® ds u -m. I had made (her). 
' v«\ s ‘ v 7 
karhnat 1 dsi-m, I had made (them, masc.). 
karemail a asa-m , I had made (them, fern.). 
b6v u mat n osu-s , I had become. 
'Cfvj S» ' 
wnpliybmat u osu-s, I had flown. 
Or, with double pronominal suffix. 
^eTth^ kar^mat 11 bs u -th-as , thou hadst made me. 
s O s * * ' 
B. Imperative Mood. 
1 (a). The Present Tense. 
The terminations are (viii. ii. 5). 
Singular. Plural. 
2 is h. 2 ^ iv. 
3 in. 3 ^«T in. 
If the root ends in a consonant, the ^ h of the 2nd singular is 
elided (6). Thus,— 
^ Tear, make thou. kariv , make ye. 
karin , let him make. karin , let them make. 
From di, give, which does not end in a consonant, we get for 
2nd singular dih, not di. 
If the root of the verb contains the letter o, that ^it d becomes 
^ w, in the Imperative (7). Thus,— 
roz , stand, 3rd Sing. Imperat. ^f5T«T ruzin. 
ffr^r tol, weigh, „ „ tulin. 
xfts- poth , be fat, „ „ puthin. 
So also, if the root contains ^ e, it becomes t i (7). Thus,— 
jfa; ner, go forth, nirin. 
ST3T plfc, fear, suffer ftk in. 
ped, exude, pidin. 
