1899.] G. A. Grierson —On Indeclinable Particles in Kdgmiri. 
93 
On Indeclinable Particles in Kagmiri.—By G. A. Grierson, 
C.I.E., Ph.D., I.C.S. 
[Read January, 1899.] 
I^vara-kaula does not formally deal with particles in his grammar, 
but here and there he refers to them, and the following is a collection 
of his scattered rules. It in no way pretends to be a complete account 
of Indeclinables. 
Emphatic and indefinite particles have been described by me in 
Vol. LXVII, Part I, pp. 88, and following. 
The following two conjunctions are also there mentioned. They 
are repeated here for the sake of completeness. 
?T t a , and (iv. 178). PJ.g., cT ire suh t a ts a h, he and thou. 
fa ti, also (iv. 179). It is also used instead of rf t a with plurals. 
Thus, ^ fa ^ fa suh ti , ts a h ti , he also, you also, irefafa fa fa 
mahaniv* ti gujpan ti ay , both the men and the cattle came. In the 
last sentence we cannot use <T t a . 
The negative particle is *T w°, not (viii. ii. 19); but ordinarily nega¬ 
tive forms of the verb are used, as described under the head of adverbial 
verbal suffixes. In other words, the «r n a is usually compounded with 
the verb as a suffix. Thus, chu-s-n a , I am not. 
The prohibitive particle if m a is only used with the Simple 
Imperative (viii. ii. 19). 
?Fr m® karin , let him not make. 
** m® kar. make thou not. 
\ * 
m® kariv , make not ye. 
With the Modified Imperative mal « is used (20). Thus, 
ilcf mat a karHan , let him not make. 
