1899.] 
SOUTHERN DISTRICTS OF KRAMARAJYA. 
199 
Sukhnag and other hill streams, we come to the considerable district 
of Bdngil. It is often referred in the Rajatarahgini and the other 
Chronicles by its ancient name of Bhangila. 1 No old localities belong¬ 
ing to it are mentioned in our texts, unless we may count with Bangil 
the closely adjacent Patan situated on the shore of the Pambasar marsh, 
circ. 74° 37' long. 34° 10' lat. 
This large village occupies the site chosen by King S'amkaravar- 
man (a.d. 883-902) for the town which was to bear his name. 2 Kalhana, 
however, informs us that Samkarapura “ subsequently lost its proper 
appellation and became known only by the name Pattana, ‘ the town.’ ” 3 
This somewhat general designation still survives in the present Patan. 
Kalhana sees in this disappearance of the original appellation the just 
retribution of fate for the king’s cruelty and other bad qualities. Yet 
the old name must have long lingered on by the side of the popular 
‘ Pattana.’ For Ksemendra mentions S'amkarapura, and Kalhana him¬ 
self speaks of the ‘ town of S'amkaravarman ’ when subsequently refer¬ 
ring to events of his own time. 4 * Pandit tradition too has retained a 
recollection of the founder of Pattana and its original name. 
S'amkaravarman is said to have carried off “ whatever was of value 
at Parihasapura,” in order to raise the fame of his own town. At the 
same time Kalhana plainly tells us that “ what gave fame to that town 
was only what is still to be found at Pattana,—manufacture of woollen 
cloths, trade in cattle, and the like.” 6 
The only ancient remains of any pretension which can now be 
found at Patan, are, in fact, the ruins of the two temples which were 
erected there by S'amkaravarman and his queen Sugandha. 6 These 
shrines which bore the names of S'amkaragaurisa and Sugandhesa are 
structures of no great dimensions and are without the fine quadrangular 
courts which enclose all more important Kasmirian temples. They 
have been fully described by General Cunningham and others. Kalhana 
when mentioning these buildings ironically alludes to kings who like 
bad poets take the materials for their works from others’ property. 
This combined with the immediately following mention of S'amkaravar- 
man’s exploitation of Parihasapura, makes it probable that the building 
materials for these very temples were taken from the ruins of Parihasa¬ 
pura. This could have easily been done, owing to the convenient water- 
1 See Rajat. vii. 49S note. 
2 See Rajat. v. 156 note. 
3 Compare v. 213. 
4 Compare Samay. ii. 13 ; Rajat. viii. 2488, 3130, 
6 Rajat. v. 161 sq. 
3 Compare Rajat. v. 158 note. 
