226 ANCIENT GEOGRAPHY OF KAS'MlR. [Extra No. 2, 
Para. Page. 
71. Results of Suyya’s regulation ... ... ... Ill 
72. Course of Vitasta towards Volur lake.—Manasa lake ... 112 
73. Volur lake.—Mahapadma Naga.—Name Ullola ... 114 
74. Legends of Mahapadma Naga ... ... ... 115 
75. Lower affluents of Vitasta.—Suyyapura ... ... 116 
SECTION VII.— SOIL AND CLIMATE OF THE VALLEY. 
76. Alluvial Plateaus (Ildar).—Soil of Udars ... ... 117 
77. Kasmir Climate.—Rigours of Kasmir winter ... ... 118 
78. Cultivation of rice.—Irrigation.— Saffron-cultivation.— 
Grapes ... ... ... ... ... 120 
SECTION VIII.—ETHNOGRAPHY. 
79. Old ethnography of Kasmir.—Absorption of foreign ethnic 
elements.—Tribal sections ... ... ... 123 
80. Races on Kasmir borders.—Khasas.—Darads.—Bhauttas... 124 
CHAPTER IV.—POLITICAL TOPOGRAPHY. 
SECTION I.—FRONTIERS OF ANCIENT KASMiR. 
81. Territories S. E. of Kasmir.—Camba.—Vallapura.—Visa- 
lata ... ... ... ... ... 126 
82. Frontier territories to S. W. and W.—Rajapuri.—Lohara ; 
Parnotsa.—Dvaravati ... ... ... 128 
83. Urasa-Hazara.—Kisangariga Valley ; Kaimalia ... 130 
84. Darad territory.—The Bhauttas ... ... ... 131 
SECTION II.—ANCIENT POLITICAL DIVISIONS. 
85. Kramarajya, Madavarajya ... ... ... 133 
86. Administrative Districts.—Lists of Kasmir Parganas ... 134 
87- Density of population in old Kasmir.—Number of villages 136 
SECTION III.—THE OLD AND NEW CAPITALS. 
88. SYinagara in Hiuen Tsiang’s time ... ... 137 
89. Puranadhisthana, ‘ the Old Capital ’ ... ... 138 
90. Asoka’s S'rinagari.—Transfer of name to new capital ... 139 
91. Pravarasena’s capital.—Name of Pravarapura ... 141 
92. Legend of foundation of Pravarapura.—Mahasarit; Setu... 142 
93. Old limits of Pravarapura.—Kalhana’s description of it... 144 
94. Advantages of site of Srinagara.—Natural defences of 
SYinagara.—City on left river-bank ... ... 145 
