42 
ANCIENT GEOGRAPHY OF KAS'MIR. [Extra No. 2, 
Chronicles. Jonauaja was a scholar of considerable attainments, but 
apparently without any originality. He shows himself yet well- 
acquainted with the old local nomenclature of the Valley, though outside 
it he too commits himself to forms like Purusavira (for Peshawar, recte 
Purusapura), etc. 
S'rIvara is a slavish imitator of Kalhana, not above reproducing 
whole verses of his predecessor. His text looks often more like a cento 
from the Rajatarangim than an original composition. Notwithstanding 
the thorough study of Kalhana’s work which this kind of exploitation 
presupposes, we find S'rIvara more than once betraying ignorance of the 
old names for well-known Kasrnir localities. Thus we have the name of 
the Mahasarit stream transformed into Mori , an evident adaptation of 
the modern Mar; 1 Siddhapatha , the modern Sidau, represented as 
Siddhadesci ; 2 the Tirtha of Martanda regularly referred to by its modern 
name Bhavana (Bavan), etc. 3 
The work of Prajyabhatta and S'uka is inferior in composition 
even to S'rlvara’s Chronicle, and by the increased number of modern 
local names proves its authors’ scant familiarity with the old topography 
of Kasrnir. Thus the ancient Krtyasrama , the scene of Kalhana’s 
Buddhist legend, i. 131 sqq ., figures repeatedly in their narrative as 
Ktcasrama , i.e ., by its modern name Kits^hom. 4 * Even the well-known 
liajapuri is metamorphosed into Rajavlra (! ), a queer reproduction of 
the modern Rajauri. b The old castle of Lohara reappears as Luhara , an 
evident approach to the present Loh^rin ; 6 the ancient site of Cakra- 
dliara is. turned into Cakradhara , etc. 7 
It is evident that when Sanskrit ceased to be the language used for 
official purposes, the knowledge of the ancient names of localities and 
of the traditions connected with the latter must have become gradually 
more and more restricted. In view of this decrease of traditional 
knowledge we have to exercise some caution when utilizing the evidence 
of the later historical texts for the elucidation of the old topographical 
data. At the same time it is easy to realize that their help is often of 
considerable value when connecting links have to be traced between 
those earlier data and the facts of modern topography. 
1 See 8'riv. i. 440 ; iii. 278 ; comp, note on Rdjat. iii. 339. 
2 S'riv. iii. 354; iv. 203, 661. 
3 S’riv. i. 376 ; iii. 372. 
* See Fourth Chron. 234, 240, 384; compare also note on Rdjat . i, 147, 
& Fourth Chron. 542, sqq. 
6 lb., 134, 143, sqq. 
T lb., 330. 
