1899.] 
FRONTIERS OF ANCIENT KASHMIR. 
127 
The Rajas of Camba, the ancient Campa, on the other hand figure 
often in the Kasmir Chronicle. 1 Their territory has since early times 
comprised the valleys of the sources of the Ravi between Kangra, the 
ancient Trigarta, and Kasthavata. The ancient Rajput family which 
rules this hill state to the present day, often intermarried with the 
Lohara dynasty which reigned in Kasmir. 
To the west of Campa and south of Bhadravakasa lay the chiefship 
of Vallapura, the modern Ballavar. 2 3 Its rulers are repeatedly referred 
to in Kalhana’s narrative and retained their independence as petty hill- 
cliiefs till the rise of the Jammu family early iti this century. 4 * Balla- 
war ’ was known also to Alberuni. 
Of the political organization of the hill-territories between Valla¬ 
pura in the south-east and Rajapuri in the north-west we have no 
distinct information. The Hindu inhabitants of this tract including 
Ballavar call themselves now Dogrds and their country JDugar, This 
name is traditionally derived from Skr. *Dvigarta, z but this term is 
nowhere found in our historical texts and has probably been created for 
the sake of an etymology in analogy of the ancient Trigarta. The 
original of the name seems to be Durgara A 
It is \ery probable that the region of the lower and middle hills 
between the limits indicated was already in old times divided into a 
number of small cliiefships. Of these some eleven seem to have existed 
up to the time of the extension of the Sikh power into the Panjab 
Kohistan. 6 They were all absorbed in the growing state of Jammu 
which was originally one of them. 
Among these small hill-chiefs of limited territory but ancient 
descent, we have probably to class the Thakkura Dengapala on the Cinab 
who gave his daughter to the pretender Bhiksdcara in marriage. 6 Also 
the Raja of Kanda must probably be located in this hill tract. 7 Other 
Thakkuras in this region are mentioned as levying blackmail on Prince 
Mallarjuna when on his march to Kasmir from the plains. 8 Immediately 
at the foot of the Ban a hal Pass in the territory of Visalata we find the 
castle of a ‘ Khasa lord,’ who gave shelter to Bhiksacara and at the time 
l Compare Rajdt. vii. 218 note, and Cunningham, Anc. Geogr., p. 141. 
8 See Rdjat. vii. 220 note, and Cun'ningham, Anc. Geogr. p. 135. 
3 See Drew, Jummoo, pp. 43 sq. 
4 Compare the Camba copperplate, edited by Prof. Kielhorn, Ind. Ant., 1888, 
p. 9. 
3 See Cunningham, Anc. Geogr. pp. 133 sqq., where a useful synopsis of the 
hill-states in the central portion of the Panjab Kdhistan is given. 
6 See Rdjat. viii. 554 sqq. 
1 See note vii. 590. 
8 viii- 1989 sqq. 
