1899.] 
NORTHERN DISTRICTS OF MADAVARAJYA. 
1G7 
Padmapura. 
the name of Bhuvaneharl is visited on the pilgrimage to Harse^vara. 
The latter Tirtha lies on the summit of the high ridge which rises to 
the north of the village. It consists of a ‘ Svayambhu’ Linga situated 
in a small cave and enjoys considerable popularity. I have not been 
able to trace its name except in the local Mahatmya and the Tirtha- 
samgraha. 
The chief place of the Yihi Pargana is now the town of Pampar, 
the ancient Padmapura, about four miles south¬ 
west of Khun^moh. 1 It was founded in the 
beginning of the 9th century by Padma, the powerful uncle of the 
puppet king Cippata-Jayapida. Padma is said by the Chronicle to have 
also built a temple of Visnu Pctclmasvamin. To this may possibly 
belong the scanty remains of an ancient temple which have been de¬ 
scribed by General Cunningham. 3 Close by is the Ziaratof Mir Muham¬ 
mad Hamadani, with some fine ancient columns and ornamented slabs 
which are likely to have been taken from this temple. Also the other 
Ziarats of the town show similar remains. Padmapura, owing to its 
central position in a fertile tract, seems to have always been a place of 
importance and is often mentioned by Kalhana and the later Chroni¬ 
clers. 
Proceeding north-eastwards of Padmapura we pass first Balvhom, a 
large village, which in the Lokaprakasa and Tirthasamgraha figures as 
Balasramci. Under a large Deodar near it Baladevi is now worshipped 
in the form of an old stone-image. Numerous ancient Steles, showing 
miniature reproductions of temples, are found in the neighbouring 
rivulets and canals; they were apparently used in recent times as 
stepping-stones which would account for their preservation. At the foot of 
a rocky spur which descends from the mountain-range to the north, lies 
the picturesque village of Uyan , once mentioned by Kalhana under the 
name of 0 van a. 3 It has a large sulphurous spring visited by the sick. 
About two miles further east we reach the large village of Khruv , 
the ancient KhaduvI which, as we have seen, gave to the district its 
former name. There is an abundance of fine springs in and about 
Khruv ; Abu-1-Fazl mentions them as objects of worship and estimates 
their number at 360. 4 Above the village a so-called Svayambhu-cakra 
or mystical diagram is shown on a rock. 5 It is held sacred to Jvala- 
1 For a detailed notice see Rdjat. iv. 695 note. The old name of the place is 
well-known to S'rinagar Pandits; Vigne too, Travels, ii. p. 31, recognized it correctly. 
2 See J. A. S. B., 1848, p. 274. 
3 See Rdjat. vii. 295. 
A Ain-i-Akb., ii. p. 358. 
6 Compare for such diagrams, also designated Devicajcra or MdtrcaJcra, Rdjat. i. 
122 note. 
