170 
ANCIENT GEOGRAPHY OF KAS'MIR. [Extra No. 2, 
or history. Excavations made by me at the site in 1891 brought to light 
interesting sculptures, but no evidence as to its name. The large 
village of Sutur (map ‘ Sootoor ’) to the south-west of Narastan may 
possibly account for the entry of Satrava in the Lokaprakasa’s list of 
Parganas. 
107. The eastern boundary of Vular is marked by the high spur 
which descends from the north towards the 
District_of confluence of the Vitasta and Gambhira. The 
para. 
adjoining district to the east is one of consider¬ 
able extent. It comprises besides the whole right or western side of 
the Lid a r Valley also the low-lying tract between the Vitasta and the 
lower course of the Visoka. The modern name of this great Pargana is 
Dachunpor which appears in S'rivara’s Chronicle as Daksinapara. This 
clearly means ‘ the right bank ’ [of the Ledarl or Lid a r]. Another form, 
of the same significance, is Daksinapdrs'va found in the Lokaprakasa and 
Martandamahatmya. To this designation corresponds the term Vdma- 
pdrsva, now KhovurpSr, which as we shall see, is applied to the left side 
of the Lid a r Valley. 1 
The junction of the Vitasta with the Gambhira, i.e., the united 
Visoka and Ramanyatavi, has already been mentioned above as a 
Tirtha. 2 Not far from it lies the village of Marhom , on the Vitasta, 
mentioned by Jonaraja under its old name of Madavasrama. 3 The first 
part of the name is identical with that of Madavardjya. 
About two miles south-east of Marhom and not far from the 
Vitasta, we find the village Vag^hom, with a sacred spring known by the 
name of Hastikarna. This name seems to have applied formerly to the 
place itself which we find twice thus referred to by Kalhana. 4 It is 
possibly the Hastikarna, where Blioja, Harsa’s son, was treacherously 
murdered. 
About one mile to the south of Hastikarna the Vitasta makes a 
great bend. The peninsula thus formed is 
occupied by a small Udar or alluvial plateau 
which owing to its height and isolated position 
is a very conspicuous object in the landscape. It was once the site of 
Temple of 
Cakradhara. 
1 General Cunningham, Anc. Geogr., p. 94, assumes that Ks. dachun ‘ right ’ is 
‘ now used to denote the “ north,” and kawar, (recte khovur) or “ left,” to denote 
the “ south.” ’ This assumption, however, as well as the explanation given for 
the alleged change of meaning are based on some misunderstanding. 
2 See § 64. 
3 See Jonar. (Bo. ed.), 132. 
4 See Rdjat. v. 23 note; also vii. 1650. Another Hastikarna , mentioned by 
Sri vara, i. 441, seems to have been near S'rinagar on the west. 
